Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to train as a baker

1 apprentissage

apprentissage [apʀɑ̃tisaʒ]

masculine noun

( = formation) apprenticeship

• l'apprentissage de l'anglais/de la lecture learning English/to read

• être en apprentissage to be an apprentice ( chez to)

• faire son apprentissage to do one's training ( chez with)

• centre d'apprentissage training school

• faire l'apprentissage de la vie active to have one's first experience of work

• apprentissage en ligne e-learning

* * *
apʀɑ̃tisaʒ
nom masculin

1) gén training; ( de métier artisanal) apprenticeship; ( chez un artisan)

faire son apprentissage de boulanger — to train as a baker

être en apprentissage — gén to be a trainee; ( chez un artisan) to be an apprentice

2) ( étude) learning

l'apprentissage d'une langue/de la lecture — learning a language/to read

faire l'apprentissage de la démocratie — to take the first steps toward(s) democracy

faire l'apprentissage de la vie — to learn about life

* * *
apʀɑ̃tisaʒ nm
1) [technique, matière] learning

On dit que l'apprentissage de l'arabe est très difficile. — Learning Arabic is said to be very difficult.

faire l'apprentissage de [sentiment, expérience] — to have one's first experience of

2) ÉDUCATION, COMMERCE (professionnel) apprenticeship

See:

centre d'apprentissage,

école d'apprentissage

* * *

apprentissage nm

1 gén training; ( de métier artisanal) apprenticeship; ( chez un artisan) faire son apprentissage chez Vladeau to train with Vladeau, to do one's apprenticeship ou to serve as an apprentice with Vladeau; faire son apprentissage de boulanger to train as a baker; être en apprentissage gén to be a trainee; ( chez un artisan) to be an apprentice; entrer en apprentissage chez qn/dans un atelier to be apprenticed to sb/to a company; être placé en apprentissage to be apprenticed;

2 ( étude) learning; l'apprentissage d'une langue/de la lecture learning a language/to read; faire l'apprentissage de la démocratie to take the first steps toward(s) democracy; faire l'apprentissage de la vie to learn about life.

[aprɑ̃tisaʒ] nom masculin

1. [fait d'apprendre]

l'apprentissage des langues language learning, learning languages

faire l'apprentissage de quelque chose (figuré) to learn one's first lessons in something

2. [durée] (period of) apprenticeship

————————

d'apprentissage locution adjectivale

[centre, école] training

[contrat] of apprenticeship

en apprentissage locution adverbiale

être en apprentissage chez quelqu'un to be apprenticed to ou to be serving one's apprenticeship with somebody

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > apprentissage
2 lernen

I v/t

1. learn; (aufschnappen) pick up; lesen lernen learn to read; Englisch lernen learn English; Klavier lernen learn to play the piano; das Autofahren lernen learn to drive a car; du wirst es nie lernen you’ll never learn; das will gelernt sein! it’s something that has to be learn|t (Am. -ed), it’s not as easy as it looks; gelernt ist gelernt once learn|t (Am. -ed) never forgotten

2. (ausgebildet werden als) Tischler(in) lernen train to be ( oder train as) a carpenter; er hat Kaufmann gelernt he qualified in business studies

3. jemanden schätzen lernen come to appreciate s.o.; jemanden lieben lernen grow ( oder learn) to love s.o.

4. umg. (lehren) teach; mein Vater hat mir das Schwimmen gelernt my father taught me to swim

II v/i

1. learn; aus Fehlern / aus der Geschichte lernen learn from one’s mistakes / from history; schnell / leicht lernen be a fast / good learner; langsam / schwer lernen be a slow / poor learner

2. (studieren) study; für die Schule: do (one’s) homework; (Stoff wiederholen) auch revise, do one’s revision; (in der Ausbildung sein) be a trainee; die Mutter hat jeden Tag mit ihr ( für die Prüfung) gelernt her mother worked with her every day ( oder helped her every day with her work) (preparing for the exam); fleißig lernen work ( oder study) hard; gelernt

III v/refl: das lernt sich leicht / schwer that’s easy / hard to learn oder remember; das lernt sich schnell you’ll learn that ( oder pick that up) in no time

* * *

to study; to learn

* * *
lẹr|nen ['lɛrnən]
1. vt

1) (= Fertigkeit erwerben in) to learn

lesen/schwimmen etc lernen — to learn to read/swim etc

Stenografie/Schreibmaschine lernen — to learn shorthand/typing or to type

lernen, etw zu tun — to learn to do sth

etw von/bei jdm lernen — to learn sth from sb

jdn lieben/schätzen lernen — to come or learn to love/appreciate sb

er lernts nie — he never learns

er wirds nie lernen — he'll never learn

See:

→ Hänschen

2) Beruf to learn; Bäcker, Schlosser etc to train as, to learn the trade of

er hat zwei Jahre gelernt — he trained for two years, he did two years' training; (in Handwerk) he did a two-year apprenticeship

das will gelernt sein — it's a question of practice

gelernt ist gelernt (Prov) —

lerne was, so kannst/bist du was (prov) — it never hurt anyone to learn anything

See:

→ auch gelernt

2. vi

1) (= Kenntnisse erwerben) to learn; (= arbeiten) to study; (= Schulaufgaben machen) to do (one's) homework

die Mutter lernte drei Stunden mit ihm — his mother spent three hours helping him with his homework

lerne fleißig in der Schule — work hard at school

von ihm kannst du noch (was) lernen! — he could teach you a thing or two

nicht für die Schule, sondern für das Leben lernen wir (prov) — learning is not just for school but for life

2) (= sich in der Ausbildung befinden) to go to school; (in Universität) to study; (in Beruf) to train

er lernt bei der Firma Braun — he's training at Braun's, Braun's are training him

3. vr

der Text/die Rolle lernt sich leicht/schwer/schnell — the text/part is easy/hard to learn/doesn't take long to learn

* * *

(to gain knowledge or skill (in): A child is always learning; to learn French; She is learning (how) to swim.) learn

* * *

Ler·nen

[ˈlɛrnən]

nt learning

exemplarisches \Lernen learning by example

rechnerunterstütztes \Lernen computer-aided [or -assisted] learning

* * *
1.
intransitives Verb

1) study

gut/schlecht lernen — be a good/poor learner or pupil; (fleißig/nicht fleißig sein) work hard/not work hard [at school]

leicht lernen — find it easy to learn; find school work easy

mit jemandem lernen — (ugs.) help somebody with his/her [school-]work

2) (Lehrling sein) train
2.
transitives Verb

1) learn

schwimmen/Klavier lernen — learn to swim/play the piano

er/mancher lernt es nie — (ugs.) he/some people [will] never learn

von ihm kann man noch was lernen — you can learn a thing or two from him

das will gelernt sein — that is something one has to learn

gelernt ist gelernt — once learnt, never forgotten

das Fürchten lernen — find out what it is to be afraid

2)

einen Beruf lernen — learn a trade

Bäcker usw. lernen — train to be or as a baker etc

* * *

lernen

A. v/t

1. learn; (aufschnappen) pick up;

lesen lernen learn to read;

Englisch lernen learn English;

Klavier lernen learn to play the piano;

das Autofahren lernen learn to drive a car;

du wirst es nie lernen you’ll never learn;

das will gelernt sein! it’s something that has to be learnt (US -ed), it’s not as easy as it looks;

gelernt ist gelernt once learnt (US -ed) never forgotten

2. (ausgebildet werden als)

Tischler(in) lernen train to be ( oder train as) a carpenter;

er hat Kaufmann gelernt he qualified in business studies

3.

jemanden schätzen lernen come to appreciate sb;

jemanden lieben lernen grow ( oder learn) to love sb

4. umg (lehren) teach;

mein Vater hat mir das Schwimmen gelernt my father taught me to swim

B. v/i

1. learn;

aus Fehlern/aus der Geschichte lernen learn from one’s mistakes/from history;

schnell/leicht lernen be a fast/good learner;

langsam/schwer lernen be a slow/poor learner

2. (studieren) study; für die Schule: do (one’s) homework; (Stoff wiederholen) auch revise, do one’s revision; (in der Ausbildung sein) be a trainee;

die Mutter hat jeden Tag mit ihr (für die Prüfung) gelernt her mother worked with her every day ( oder helped her every day with her work) (preparing for the exam);

fleißig lernen work ( oder study) hard; → gelernt

C. v/r:

das lernt sich leicht/schwer that’s easy/hard to learn oder remember;

das lernt sich schnell you’ll learn that ( oder pick that up) in no time

* * *
1.
intransitives Verb

1) study

gut/schlecht lernen — be a good/poor learner or pupil; (fleißig/nicht fleißig sein) work hard/not work hard [at school]

leicht lernen — find it easy to learn; find school work easy

mit jemandem lernen — (ugs.) help somebody with his/her [school-]work

2) (Lehrling sein) train
2.
transitives Verb

1) learn

schwimmen/Klavier lernen — learn to swim/play the piano

er/mancher lernt es nie — (ugs.) he/some people [will] never learn

von ihm kann man noch was lernen — you can learn a thing or two from him

das will gelernt sein — that is something one has to learn

gelernt ist gelernt — once learnt, never forgotten

das Fürchten lernen — find out what it is to be afraid

2)

einen Beruf lernen — learn a trade

Bäcker usw. lernen — train to be or as a baker etc

* * *

n.

study n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > lernen
3 bei

Präp.

1. räumlich, auch fig.:

a) (in der Nähe von) near; bei Berlin near Berlin; die Schlacht bei Waterloo the Battle of Waterloo; beim Rathaus (just) near ( oder by) the town hall; (am Rathaus) at the town hall; dicht bei der Schule just next to the school; gleich beim Hotel liegt die Post the post office is just ( oder right) next to the hotel; etw. bei der Hand haben have s.th. to hand; sein Einkommen / der Wert liegt etwa bei 5000 Euro his salary / its value is around 5000 euros;

b) an einem bestimmten Ort: at; beim Metzger / Bäcker etc. at the butcher’s / baker’s etc.; hast du das bei Woolworth gekauft? did you buy that at Woolworth’s; Herr Müller ist gerade bei Tisch Mr Müller is just at the table; wir waren alle bei mir / meinen Eltern we were all at my house ( oder place) / at my parents’ (place); bei ihr zu Hause in her house, at her place; bei uns in Hessen / auf dem Land where I come from in Hessen / in the country; wir sind morgen bei Kollegen eingeladen we have been invited to visit colleagues tomorrow; er wohnt bei mir nebenan / gegenüber / um die Ecke he lives next door / opposite / on the corner where I live ( oder of my place); sie wohnt bei einem alten Ehepaar she lives with an old couple; bei (per Adresse) Schmidt c / o (= care of) Schmidt; am Telefon: hier bei Müller this is the Müllers’, Müller speaking; bei den Schotten heißt das anders the Scots call it something else; Amerika wacht gerade erst auf, bei uns ist es aber schon 13 Uhr in America they’re just waking up, but here it’s already 1 o’clock

2.

a) bezeichnet Arbeitsverhältnis etc.: for; sie ist bei Langenscheidt she is with ( oder works for) Langenscheidt; er arbeitet oder ist bei der Post / Bahn he works for the post office / railway (Am. railroad); sie ist beim Fernsehen she works for (the) TV; beim Militär in the armed forces;

b) bei jemandem Stunden nehmen have lessons with s.o.; bei welchem Arzt bist du? which doctor do you go to?; Brit. auch who’s your GP?

3. an einer bestimmten Stelle: jemanden beim Kragen packen grab s.o. by the collar; jemanden bei der Hand etc. fassen take s.o. by the hand etc.; die Gelegenheit beim Schopf fassen seize ( oder grab umg.) the opportunity; bei Fuß! (to) heel

4. dabei, mit: with; ich habe kein Geld bei mir I have no money on me; er hatte seinen Hund bei sich he had his dog with him; das ist oft so bei Kindern that’s fairly common with children; pej. children are like that; bei mir machst du das lieber nicht you’d be advised not to try that with me, you’d better not try that with me; die Entscheidung liegt bei dir it’s your decision

5. bezeichnet Teilnahme: bei einer Veranstaltung sein be in an event; bei einer Aufführung mitwirken take part in a performance; bei Spielen: bei dieser Runde setze ich aus I’ll sit this round out

6. von Werken, Künstlern etc.: in the work of; bei Schiller steht in one of Schiller’s works it says, Schiller says; bei Tizian / den Romantikern findet man dieses Motiv you find this motif in the works of Titian / the Romantics

7. zeitlich, Umstände, Zustände:

a) zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt: on, at; bei meiner Ankunft when I arrived, on my arrival; bei Tagesanbruch at dawn; bei Sonnenaufgang / Sonnenuntergang at sunrise / sunset; bei schönem Wetter when the weather is fine; der Park schließt bei anbrechender Dunkelheit the park closes at dusk; bei dieser Gelegenheit möchte ich.... I should like to take this opportunity to...; bei einem Unfall in an accident; Vorsicht bei Abfahrt des Zuges! take care when the train leaves;

b) (während) during, at, by; bei Nacht at night; bei Tag during the daytime, by day; beim Unterricht during a ( oder the) lesson; bei einem Glas Wein over a glass of wine; beim Lesen der Zeitung fiel mir auf... while ( oder when) I was reading the paper it struck me...; bei der Arbeit einschlafen fall asleep while working; beim Essen / Schlafen / Schreiben etc. while eating / sleeping / writing etc.;

c) (dabei, mit) with; hilfst du mir beim Umzug / bei der Arbeit? will you help me with my move / work; jemanden beim Namen nennen call s.o. by (his oder her) name;

d) (im Falle von) if there is, in case of; bei Gefahr Knopf drücken press the button in case of danger; bei Regen wird das Fest verschoben if it rains the party will be postponed; bei Nebel if it is foggy; bei Glatteis Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung auf 30 km speed limit 30 km if there is ice; Vorsicht bei Nässe! take care in wet conditions; beim nächsten Mal (the) next time; bei nächster Gelegenheit (the) next chance, at the first ( oder earliest) opportunity; bei Fieber Bettruhe halten stay in bed if you have a temperature; bei so etwas wird mir schlecht that sort of thing makes me feel ill; bei so etwas kann er nicht mitreden he has nothing to say about that sort of thing

8. (unter) among; bei den alten Fotos among the old photos; heute war nichts für dich bei der Post there was nothing for you in the post (Am. mail) today; bei Strafe von under penalty of

9. (betreffend): bei Alkohol muss ich aufpassen I have to be careful with alcohol; bei Geldfragen muss ich passen when it comes to (questions of) money, I have to pass; bei Männern hat sie Pech she’s unlucky with men

10. (angesichts): bei deinem Gehalt! (you) with your salary!; bei meinem Gehalt kann ich mir das nicht leisten I can’t afford that on ( oder with) my salary; bei deiner Erkältung solltest du nicht rausgehen you should stay in with your cold ( oder with that cold of yours); bei 25 Euro pro Stunde at 25 euros an hour; bei so vielen Schwierigkeiten considering all the difficulties; bei so viel Hilfe sind wir schnell fertig with all this help we should be ready soon; bei der Lage der Dinge (with) matters ( oder things) the way they are; bei so vielen Teilnehmern können wir... with so many participants we can...; bei diesem Lärm / diesen Temperaturen kann man nicht schlafen with all this noise / with temperatures like this one can’t sleep

11. (trotz): bei aller Liebe, das ist zu viel verlangt much as I sympathize - that’s asking too much; und das bei all seiner Mühe! and that in spite of all his efforts

12. in bestimmtem Zustand: bei Kräften sein be in good health; bei guter Gesundheit sein be in good health; bei Besinnung sein be conscious; du bist wohl nicht ( recht) bei Trost! you’re not in your right mind; er ist heute nicht bei Laune he’s not in a very good mood today; gut bei Kasse sein have plenty of money

13. bei bestimmten Bedingungen: beim besten Willen with the best will in the world; bei Wasser und Brot with just bread and water; bei offenem Fenster with the window open; bei Kerzenlicht / Mondschein by candlelight / moonlight; bei Licht besehen ist es nur halb so schlimm seen in the light of day it’s not so bad; bei Tageslicht by daylight

14. Maß: bei weitem by far

15. Anrufung: schwören bei swear by; bei Gott! by God!; bei meiner Ehre! altm. on my hono(u)r!; bei allem, was recht ist, das geht nun wirklich zu weit in all conscience, that’s going too far

* * *

on; at; about; next to; upon; beside; in the event of

* * *

1) at

2) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) by

3) on

4) upon

5) (in the care of: Leave your case with the porter.) with

* * *

bei

[bai]

präp + dat

1. (räumlich: in jds Wohn-/Lebensbereich) with

\bei wem hast du die letzte Nacht verbracht? who did you spend last night with?

sie wohnt \bei ihren Großeltern she lives with her grandparents

ich war die ganze Zeit \bei meinen Eltern I was at my parents' [house] the whole time

am Wochenende sind sie entweder \bei ihm oder \bei ihr at the weekend they're either at his place or at hers

\bei jdm zu Besuch sein to be staying with [or visiting] sb

\bei jdm zu Hause at sb's house

bei uns zu Hause war das immer so üblich we always did it that way at home, that was the way we did things at home

\bei Hofe at court

\bei den Maori/Masai leben to live among the Maori/Masai

\bei Familie Schmidt (Briefanschrift) c/o Schmidt

2. (räumlich: im Tätigkeits-/Unternehmensbereich) for

\bei jdm arbeiten [o sein] to work for sb

er ist \bei Klett angestellt he works at Klett

sie arbeitet \beim Fernsehen she works in television

er arbeitet \bei der Bahn/beim Bund/einer Firma/ der Post he works for the railways/the government/a company/the post office

er arbeitet \beim Supermarkt an der Ecke he works at the supermarket on the corner

er ist neuerdings Redakteur \bei uns he joined us as an editor recently

er ist ein hohes Tier \bei der Post he's a big shot [or fish] at the post office

\bei wem lassen Sie Ihre Anzüge schneidern? who makes your suits?, who is your tailor?

\bei wem haben Sie Deutsch gelernt? who taught you German?

sie hat ihr Handwerk \bei einem sehr erfahrenen Meister gelernt she learnt her trade from a very experienced master craftsman

beim Bäcker/Friseur at the baker's/hairdresser's

\bei der Citybank sein (ein Konto haben) to bank [or have an account] with the Citybank

\bei Klett erschienen published by Klett

\bei der Marine/beim Militär in the navy/military

\bei jdm Unterricht haben [o nehmen] to have lessons with [or take lessons from] sb

3. (räumlich: in jds Werk)

▪ \bei jdm in

das Zitat steht [irgendwo] \bei Goethe the quotation comes from [somewhere in] Goethe

\bei wem hast du denn das gelesen? where did you read that?

das kannst du alles \bei Schopenhauer nachlesen you can look it all up in Schopenhauer

4. (räumlich: mit sich haben) with

etw \bei sich dat haben [o tragen] to have sth with [or on] one

ich habe die Unterlagen leider nicht \bei mir I'm afraid I haven't got the papers with me

ich habe gerade kein Geld \bei mir I don't have [or I'm not carrying] any money on [or with] me at the moment

jdn \bei sich dat haben to have sb with one

zum Glück hatte ich meinen Bruder \bei mir fortunately, my brother was with me

5. (räumlich: im eigenen Bereich) to

ich dachte \bei mir... I thought [or was thinking] to myself...

etw \bei sich behalten to keep sth to oneself

behalte die Nachricht bitte noch \bei dir please don't tell anyone else the news for now, please keep the news to yourself for now

6. (räumlich: in der Nähe) near

Böblingen ist eine Stadt \bei Stuttgart Böblingen is a town near Stuttgart

er wohnt \beim Bahnhof he lives near [to] [or close to] the station

wir treffen uns \bei der Kirche/der Post we'll meet by the church/post office

er saß \bei ihr (direkt neben) he sat beside [or next to] her; (in der näheren Umgebung) he sat close to [or near] her

geh du, ich bleibe \bei den Kindern you go, I'll stay with the children

\bei der ersten/zweiten Kreuzung at the first/second crossing

\beim Fluss by the river

die Schlacht \bei Hastings the battle of Hastings

7. (räumlich: an) by

jdn \bei der Hand nehmen to take sb by the hand; ÖSTERR (fig)

etw \bei der Hand haben to have sth at hand

8. (räumlich: zwischen, unter) among

er war auch \bei den Demonstranten he was also among the demonstrators

die Unterlagen sind \bei den Akten the papers are amongst the files

9. (Angabe von Zeitspanne) during; (Angabe von Zeitpunkt) at

unterbrechen Sie mich bitte nicht dauernd \bei meiner Rede! please stop interrupting my speech!

\bei dem Zugunglück starben viele Menschen many people died in the train crash

\bei der Aufführung darf nicht geraucht werden smoking is not permitted during the performance

Vorsicht \bei der Abfahrt [des Zuges] please stand clear of the doors, the train is about to leave

\bei jds Abreise/Ankunft on sb's departure/arrival

ich hoffe, du bist \bei meiner Abreise auch da I hope you will be there when I leave [or on my departure]

\bei Anbruch der Dunkelheit/des Tages at nightfall/daybreak

\bei der Geburt/dem Tod at his/her etc. birth/death

\bei Nacht/Tag by night/day

\bei Tag und Nacht day and night

\bei Tisch at table

10. (gibt Teilnahme an)

\bei einer Aufführung mitwirken to be involved in a performance/play

\bei einem Gottesdienst/einer Hochzeit sein to be at a church service/wedding

11. (während einer Tätigkeit) while

das ist mir beim Bügeln eingefallen it occurred to me when [or as] [or while] I was ironing; NORDD

\bei sein, etw zu tun to be on the verge of doing sth [or about to do sth

12. (Begleitumstände) by

wir können das ja \bei einer Flasche Wein besprechen let's talk about it over a bottle of wine

\bei Schnee ist Weihnachten immer am schönsten Christmas is always nicest when it snows

\bei diesem Wetter setze ich keinen Fuß vor die Tür! I'm not setting foot outside the door in this weather!

\bei der Arbeit sein to be working [or at work]

\bei/nicht \bei Bewusstsein sein to be conscious/unconscious

\bei Kerzenlicht by candlelight

\bei Kräften/guter Laune sein to be well [or fit]/in good spirits

\bei dieser Hitze/Kälte in such heat/cold

\bei Tageslicht arbeiten to work in daylight

nicht mehr \bei Verstand sein to have taken leave of one's senses, to not be in one's right mind

\bei Wind und Wetter come rain or shine

13. (ungefähr) around

der Preis liegt \bei etwa Euro 1.000 the price is around [or about] 1,000 euros

14. (zur Angabe eines erreichten Wertes)

der DAX lag \bei 3.554 the DAX closed at 3,554 points

die Temperatur lag \bei 38,3° im Schatten the temperature was 38.3° in the shade

15. (im Falle von etw) in case of

„bei Feuer Scheibe einschlagen“ “in case of fire break glass”

\bei Nebel/Regen werde ich nicht fahren I won't go if it's foggy/it rains

16. (wegen, mit) with

\bei seiner Sturheit könnte man manchmal wirklich verzweifeln one could sometimes really despair at his stubbornness

\bei so viel Dummheit ist wirklich alle Liebesmüh vergebens all effort is futile in the face of such stupidity

\bei diesem Sturm bleiben wir lieber zu Hause in view of [or due to] this storm we'd better stay at home

\bei deinen Fähigkeiten with your talents [or skills

17. (trotz) in spite of, despite

\bei aller Freundschaft, das geht einfach zu weit we may be friends but that's just going too far

es geht \beim besten Willen nicht even with the best will in the world it's just not possible

18. (in Schwurformeln) by

ich schwöre es, \bei meiner toten Mutter! I swear on my mother's grave!

\bei meiner Ehre [up]on my honour

\bei Gott! (veraltend) by God!

„ich schwöre \bei Gott, die Wahrheit zu sagen und nichts als die Wahrheit“ “I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help me God”

19.

▶ nicht [ganz] \bei sich dat sein (fam) to be not [quite] oneself

* * *

Präposition mit Dat

1) (nahe) near; (dicht an, neben) by

die Schlacht bei Leipzig — the battle of Leipzig

bei den Fahrrädern/Kindern bleiben — stay with the bicycles/children

etwas bei sich haben — have something with or on one

nicht [ganz] bei sich sein — (fig.) be not quite with it

sich bei jemandem entschuldigen/erkundigen — apologize to somebody/ask somebody

wir haben Physik bei Herrn Meyer — we do physics with Mr Meyer

2) (unter) among

war heute ein Brief für mich bei der Post? — was there a letter for me in the post today?

3) (an) by

jemanden bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand

4) (im Wohn-/Lebens-/Arbeitsbereich von)

bei uns tut man das nicht — we don't do that

bei mir [zu Hause] — at my house

bei uns um die Ecke/gegenüber — round the corner from us/opposite us

bei seinen Eltern leben — live with one's parents

wir sind bei ihr eingeladen — we have been invited to her house

wir treffen uns bei uns/Peter — we'll meet at our/Peter's place

bei uns in Österreich — in Austria [where I/we come from/live]

bei uns in der Firma — in our company

bei Schmidt — (auf Briefen) c/o Schmidt

bei einer Firma sein — be with a company

bei jemandem/einem Verlag arbeiten — work for somebody/a publishing house

5) (im Bereich eines Vorgangs) at

bei einer Hochzeit/einem Empfang — usw. at a wedding/reception etc.

bei einem Unfall — in an accident

6) (im Werk von)

bei Goethe — in Goethe

bei Schiller heißt es... — Schiller says or writes that...

7) (im Falle von) in the case of

bei bestimmten Pflanzen — in certain plants

bei der Hauskatze — in the domestic cat

wie bei den Römern — as with the Romans

hoffentlich geht es nicht wie bei mir — I hope the same thing doesn't happen as happened in my case

8) (Zeitpunkt)

bei seiner Ankunft — on his arrival

bei diesen Worten errötete er — at this he blushed

bei Sonnenaufgang/-untergang — at sunrise/sunset

bei unserer Begegnung — at our meeting

9) (modal)

bei Tag/Nacht — by day/night

bei Tag und [bei] Nacht — day and night

bei Tageslicht — by daylight

bei Nebel — in fog

bei Kälte — when it's cold

bei offenem Fenster schlafen — sleep with the window open

10) (im Falle des Auftretens von)

‘bei Feuer Scheibe einschlagen’ — ‘in case of fire, break glass’

‘bei Regen Schleudergefahr’ — ‘slippery when wet’

bei hohem Fieber — when somebody has a high temperature

11) (angesichts) with

bei dieser Hitze — in this heat

bei diesem Sturm/Lärm — with this storm blowing/noise going on

12) (trotz)

bei all seinem Engagement/seinen Bemühungen — in spite of or despite or for all his commitment/efforts

bei allem Verständnis, aber ich kann das nicht — much as I sympathize, I cannot do that

13) (in Beteuerungsformeln) by

bei Gott! — by God!

bei meiner Ehre! — (veralt.) upon my honour!

* * *

bei präp

1. räumlich, auch fig: (in der Nähe von) near;

bei Berlin near Berlin;

die Schlacht bei Waterloo the Battle of Waterloo;

beim Rathaus (just) near ( oder by) the town hall; (am Rathaus) at the town hall;

dicht bei der Schule just next to the school;

gleich beim Hotel liegt die Post the post office is just ( oder right) next to the hotel;

etwas bei der Hand haben have sth to hand;

sein Einkommen/der Wert liegt etwa bei 5000 Euro his salary/its value is around 5000 euros; an einem bestimmten Ort: at;

beim Metzger/Bäcker etc at the butcher’s/baker’s etc;

hast du das bei Woolworth gekauft? did you buy that at Woolworth’s;

Herr Müller ist gerade bei Tisch Mr Müller is just at the table;

wir waren alle bei mir/meinen Eltern we were all at my house ( oder place)/at my parents’ (place);

bei ihr zu Hause in her house, at her place;

bei uns in Hessen/auf dem Land where I come from in Hessen/in the country;

wir sind morgen bei Kollegen eingeladen we have been invited to visit colleagues tomorrow;

er wohnt bei mir nebenan/gegenüber/um die Ecke he lives next door/opposite/on the corner where I live ( oder of my place);

sie wohnt bei einem alten Ehepaar she lives with an old couple;

bei (per Adresse)

Schmidt c/o (= care of) Schmidt; am Telefon:

hier bei Müller this is the Müllers’, Müller speaking;

bei den Schotten heißt das anders the Scots call it something else;

Amerika wacht gerade erst auf, bei uns ist es aber schon 13 Uhr in America they’re just waking up, but here it’s already 1 o’clock

2. bezeichnet Arbeitsverhältnis etc: for;

sie ist bei Langenscheidt she is with ( oder works for) Langenscheidt;

er arbeitet oder

ist bei der Post/Bahn he works for the post office/railway (US railroad);

sie ist beim Fernsehen she works for (the) TV;

beim Militär in the armed forces;

bei jemandem Stunden nehmen have lessons with sb;

bei welchem Arzt bist du? which doctor do you go to?; Br auch who’s your GP?

3. an einer bestimmten Stelle:

jemanden beim Kragen packen grab sb by the collar;

jemanden bei der Hand etc

fassen take sb by the hand etc;

die Gelegenheit beim Schopf fassen seize ( oder grab umg) the opportunity;

bei Fuß! (to) heel

4. dabei, mit: with;

ich habe kein Geld bei mir I have no money on me;

er hatte seinen Hund bei sich he had his dog with him;

das ist oft so bei Kindern that’s fairly common with children; pej children are like that;

bei mir machst du das lieber nicht you’d be advised not to try that with me, you’d better not try that with me;

die Entscheidung liegt bei dir it’s your decision

5. bezeichnet Teilnahme:

bei einer Veranstaltung sein be in an event;

bei einer Aufführung mitwirken take part in a performance; bei Spielen:

bei dieser Runde setze ich aus I’ll sit this round out

6. von Werken, Künstlern etc: in the work of;

bei Schiller steht in one of Schiller’s works it says, Schiller says;

bei Tizian/den Romantikern findet man dieses Motiv you find this motif in the works of Titian/the Romantics

7. zeitlich, Umstände, Zustände: zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt: on, at;

bei meiner Ankunft when I arrived, on my arrival;

bei Tagesanbruch at dawn;

bei Sonnenaufgang/Sonnenuntergang at sunrise/sunset;

bei schönem Wetter when the weather is fine;

der Park schließt bei anbrechender Dunkelheit the park closes at dusk;

bei dieser Gelegenheit möchte ich …. I should like to take this opportunity to …;

bei einem Unfall in an accident;

Vorsicht bei Abfahrt des Zuges! take care when the train leaves; (während) during, at, by;

bei Nacht at night;

bei Tag during the daytime, by day;

beim Unterricht during a ( oder the) lesson;

bei einem Glas Wein over a glass of wine;

beim Lesen der Zeitung fiel mir auf … while ( oder when) I was reading the paper it struck me …;

bei der Arbeit einschlafen fall asleep while working;

beim Essen/Schlafen/Schreiben etc while eating/sleeping/writing etc; (dabei, mit) with;

hilfst du mir beim Umzug/bei der Arbeit? will you help me with my move/work;

jemanden beim Namen nennen call sb by (his oder her) name; (im Falle von) if there is, in case of;

bei Gefahr Knopf drücken press the button in case of danger;

bei Regen wird das Fest verschoben if it rains the party will be postponed;

bei Nebel if it is foggy;

bei Glatteis Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung auf 30 km speed limit 30 km if there is ice;

Vorsicht bei Nässe! take care in wet conditions;

beim nächsten Mal (the) next time;

bei nächster Gelegenheit (the) next chance, at the first ( oder earliest) opportunity;

bei Fieber Bettruhe halten stay in bed if you have a temperature;

bei so etwas wird mir schlecht that sort of thing makes me feel ill;

bei so etwas kann er nicht mitreden he has nothing to say about that sort of thing

8. (unter) among;

bei den alten Fotos among the old photos;

heute war nichts für dich bei der Post there was nothing for you in the post (US mail) today;

bei Strafe von under penalty of

9. (betreffend):

bei Alkohol muss ich aufpassen I have to be careful with alcohol;

bei Geldfragen muss ich passen when it comes to (questions of) money, I have to pass;

bei Männern hat sie Pech she’s unlucky with men

10. (angesichts):

bei deinem Gehalt! (you) with your salary!;

bei meinem Gehalt kann ich mir das nicht leisten I can’t afford that on ( oder with) my salary;

bei deiner Erkältung solltest du nicht rausgehen you should stay in with your cold ( oder with that cold of yours);

bei 25 Euro pro Stunde at 25 euros an hour;

bei so vielen Schwierigkeiten considering all the difficulties;

bei so viel Hilfe sind wir schnell fertig with all this help we should be ready soon;

bei der Lage der Dinge (with) matters ( oder things) the way they are;

bei so vielen Teilnehmern können wir … with so many participants we can …;

bei diesem Lärm/diesen Temperaturen kann man nicht schlafen with all this noise/with temperatures like this one can’t sleep

11. (trotz):

bei aller Liebe, das ist zu viel verlangt much as I sympathize - that’s asking too much;

und das bei all seiner Mühe! and that in spite of all his efforts

12. in bestimmtem Zustand:

bei Kräften sein be in good health;

bei guter Gesundheit sein be in good health;

bei Besinnung sein be conscious;

du bist wohl nicht (recht) bei Trost! you’re not in your right mind;

er ist heute nicht bei Laune he’s not in a very good mood today;

gut bei Kasse sein have plenty of money

13. bei bestimmten Bedingungen:

beim besten Willen with the best will in the world;

bei Wasser und Brot with just bread and water;

bei offenem Fenster with the window open;

bei Kerzenlicht/Mondschein by candlelight/moonlight;

bei Licht besehen ist es nur halb so schlimm seen in the light of day it’s not so bad;

bei Tageslicht by daylight

14. Maß:

bei weitem by far

15. Anrufung:

schwören bei swear by;

bei Gott! by God!;

bei meiner Ehre! obs on my hono(u)r!;

bei allem, was recht ist, das geht nun wirklich zu weit in all conscience, that’s going too far

* * *

Präposition mit Dat

1) (nahe) near; (dicht an, neben) by

die Schlacht bei Leipzig — the battle of Leipzig

bei den Fahrrädern/Kindern bleiben — stay with the bicycles/children

etwas bei sich haben — have something with or on one

nicht [ganz] bei sich sein — (fig.) be not quite with it

sich bei jemandem entschuldigen/erkundigen — apologize to somebody/ask somebody

wir haben Physik bei Herrn Meyer — we do physics with Mr Meyer

2) (unter) among

war heute ein Brief für mich bei der Post? — was there a letter for me in the post today?

3) (an) by

jemanden bei der Hand nehmen — take somebody by the hand

4) (im Wohn-/Lebens-/Arbeitsbereich von)

bei uns tut man das nicht — we don't do that

bei mir [zu Hause] — at my house

bei uns um die Ecke/gegenüber — round the corner from us/opposite us

bei seinen Eltern leben — live with one's parents

wir sind bei ihr eingeladen — we have been invited to her house

wir treffen uns bei uns/Peter — we'll meet at our/Peter's place

bei uns in Österreich — in Austria [where I/we come from/live]

bei uns in der Firma — in our company

bei Schmidt — (auf Briefen) c/o Schmidt

bei einer Firma sein — be with a company

bei jemandem/einem Verlag arbeiten — work for somebody/a publishing house

5) (im Bereich eines Vorgangs) at

bei einer Hochzeit/einem Empfang — usw. at a wedding/reception etc.

bei einem Unfall — in an accident

6) (im Werk von)

bei Goethe — in Goethe

bei Schiller heißt es... — Schiller says or writes that...

7) (im Falle von) in the case of

bei bestimmten Pflanzen — in certain plants

bei der Hauskatze — in the domestic cat

wie bei den Römern — as with the Romans

hoffentlich geht es nicht wie bei mir — I hope the same thing doesn't happen as happened in my case

8) (Zeitpunkt)

bei seiner Ankunft — on his arrival

bei diesen Worten errötete er — at this he blushed

bei Sonnenaufgang/-untergang — at sunrise/sunset

bei unserer Begegnung — at our meeting

9) (modal)

bei Tag/Nacht — by day/night

bei Tag und [bei] Nacht — day and night

bei Tageslicht — by daylight

bei Nebel — in fog

bei Kälte — when it's cold

bei offenem Fenster schlafen — sleep with the window open

10) (im Falle des Auftretens von)

‘bei Feuer Scheibe einschlagen’ — ‘in case of fire, break glass’

‘bei Regen Schleudergefahr’ — ‘slippery when wet’

bei hohem Fieber — when somebody has a high temperature

11) (angesichts) with

bei dieser Hitze — in this heat

bei diesem Sturm/Lärm — with this storm blowing/noise going on

12) (trotz)

bei all seinem Engagement/seinen Bemühungen — in spite of or despite or for all his commitment/efforts

bei allem Verständnis, aber ich kann das nicht — much as I sympathize, I cannot do that

13) (in Beteuerungsformeln) by

bei Gott! — by God!

bei meiner Ehre! — (veralt.) upon my honour!

* * *

(vollem) Verstand sein ausdr.

to be in one's right mind expr.

to be of sound mind expr. präp.

at prep.

by prep.

next to prep.

on prep.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > bei
4 Lernen

I v/t

1. learn; (aufschnappen) pick up; lesen lernen learn to read; Englisch lernen learn English; Klavier lernen learn to play the piano; das Autofahren lernen learn to drive a car; du wirst es nie lernen you’ll never learn; das will gelernt sein! it’s something that has to be learn|t (Am. -ed), it’s not as easy as it looks; gelernt ist gelernt once learn|t (Am. -ed) never forgotten

2. (ausgebildet werden als) Tischler(in) lernen train to be ( oder train as) a carpenter; er hat Kaufmann gelernt he qualified in business studies

3. jemanden schätzen lernen come to appreciate s.o.; jemanden lieben lernen grow ( oder learn) to love s.o.

4. umg. (lehren) teach; mein Vater hat mir das Schwimmen gelernt my father taught me to swim

II v/i

1. learn; aus Fehlern / aus der Geschichte lernen learn from one’s mistakes / from history; schnell / leicht lernen be a fast / good learner; langsam / schwer lernen be a slow / poor learner

2. (studieren) study; für die Schule: do (one’s) homework; (Stoff wiederholen) auch revise, do one’s revision; (in der Ausbildung sein) be a trainee; die Mutter hat jeden Tag mit ihr ( für die Prüfung) gelernt her mother worked with her every day ( oder helped her every day with her work) (preparing for the exam); fleißig lernen work ( oder study) hard; gelernt

III v/refl: das lernt sich leicht / schwer that’s easy / hard to learn oder remember; das lernt sich schnell you’ll learn that ( oder pick that up) in no time

* * *

to study; to learn

* * *
lẹr|nen ['lɛrnən]
1. vt

1) (= Fertigkeit erwerben in) to learn

lesen/schwimmen etc lernen — to learn to read/swim etc

Stenografie/Schreibmaschine lernen — to learn shorthand/typing or to type

lernen, etw zu tun — to learn to do sth

etw von/bei jdm lernen — to learn sth from sb

jdn lieben/schätzen lernen — to come or learn to love/appreciate sb

er lernts nie — he never learns

er wirds nie lernen — he'll never learn

See:

→ Hänschen

2) Beruf to learn; Bäcker, Schlosser etc to train as, to learn the trade of

er hat zwei Jahre gelernt — he trained for two years, he did two years' training; (in Handwerk) he did a two-year apprenticeship

das will gelernt sein — it's a question of practice

gelernt ist gelernt (Prov) —

lerne was, so kannst/bist du was (prov) — it never hurt anyone to learn anything

See:

→ auch gelernt

2. vi

1) (= Kenntnisse erwerben) to learn; (= arbeiten) to study; (= Schulaufgaben machen) to do (one's) homework

die Mutter lernte drei Stunden mit ihm — his mother spent three hours helping him with his homework

lerne fleißig in der Schule — work hard at school

von ihm kannst du noch (was) lernen! — he could teach you a thing or two

nicht für die Schule, sondern für das Leben lernen wir (prov) — learning is not just for school but for life

2) (= sich in der Ausbildung befinden) to go to school; (in Universität) to study; (in Beruf) to train

er lernt bei der Firma Braun — he's training at Braun's, Braun's are training him

3. vr

der Text/die Rolle lernt sich leicht/schwer/schnell — the text/part is easy/hard to learn/doesn't take long to learn

* * *

(to gain knowledge or skill (in): A child is always learning; to learn French; She is learning (how) to swim.) learn

* * *

Ler·nen

[ˈlɛrnən]

nt learning

exemplarisches \Lernen learning by example

rechnerunterstütztes \Lernen computer-aided [or -assisted] learning

* * *
1.
intransitives Verb

1) study

gut/schlecht lernen — be a good/poor learner or pupil; (fleißig/nicht fleißig sein) work hard/not work hard [at school]

leicht lernen — find it easy to learn; find school work easy

mit jemandem lernen — (ugs.) help somebody with his/her [school-]work

2) (Lehrling sein) train
2.
transitives Verb

1) learn

schwimmen/Klavier lernen — learn to swim/play the piano

er/mancher lernt es nie — (ugs.) he/some people [will] never learn

von ihm kann man noch was lernen — you can learn a thing or two from him

das will gelernt sein — that is something one has to learn

gelernt ist gelernt — once learnt, never forgotten

das Fürchten lernen — find out what it is to be afraid

2)

einen Beruf lernen — learn a trade

Bäcker usw. lernen — train to be or as a baker etc

* * *

Lernen n; -s, kein pl; SCHULE learning; (Studieren) studying;

er tut sich mit dem Lernen schwer he’s not a good ( oder he’s a poor) learner;

ihr macht das Lernen Spaß she enjoys her schoolwork;

jemandem beim Lernen helfen help sb with his ( oder her) schoolwork ( Hausaufgaben: homework)

* * *
1.
intransitives Verb

1) study

gut/schlecht lernen — be a good/poor learner or pupil; (fleißig/nicht fleißig sein) work hard/not work hard [at school]

leicht lernen — find it easy to learn; find school work easy

mit jemandem lernen — (ugs.) help somebody with his/her [school-]work

2) (Lehrling sein) train
2.
transitives Verb

1) learn

schwimmen/Klavier lernen — learn to swim/play the piano

er/mancher lernt es nie — (ugs.) he/some people [will] never learn

von ihm kann man noch was lernen — you can learn a thing or two from him

das will gelernt sein — that is something one has to learn

gelernt ist gelernt — once learnt, never forgotten

das Fürchten lernen — find out what it is to be afraid

2)

einen Beruf lernen — learn a trade

Bäcker usw. lernen — train to be or as a baker etc

* * *

n.

study n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Lernen
5 corsa

"travel;

Hub:;

course;

carrera;

curso"

* * *

f run

attività running

di autobus trip, journey

( gara) race

corsa agli armamenti arms race

corsa a ostacoli ippica steeplechase

atletica hurdles

di corsa at a run

in fretta in a rush

vettura f da corsa racing car

fare una corsa rush, dash

corse pl races

* * *

corsa s.f.

1 run; ( il correre) running: di corsa, at a run; ( in fretta) in haste; di gran corsa, at full speed (o in great haste); fa sempre tutto di corsa, he always does everything in a rush (o hurriedly) // salì sull'autobus in corsa, he jumped on to the moving bus // fare una corsa in un luogo, to pay a short (o lightning) visit to a place // la corsa dei prezzi, the upsurge of prices // (st.) guerra di corsa, privateering

2 (sport) race; ( il correre) racing: corsa a ostacoli, ( ippica) steeplechase, ( atletica) hurdle race; corsa a staffetta, relay race; corsa automobilistica, motor race; corsa campestre, cross-country race; corsa di cavalli, horse race; corsa nei sacchi, sack race; corsa podistica, walk (o walking) race; corsa su pista, track race; corsa su strada, road race; bicicletta, automobile da corsa, racing bicycle, car; cavallo da corsa, racehorse (o racer); essere in corsa per qlco., to be in the running for sthg. // corsa al successo, al guadagno, race for success, for profit // la corsa agli armamenti, the arms race // corsa all'oro, gold rush

3 ( tragitto su veicolo pubblico) trip: l'autobus fa quattro corse al giorno, the bus does four trips a day; il treno terminò la sua corsa, the train finished its journey; prezzo della corsa, fare; la prima corsa ( di autobus, treno, battello) parte alle 7.15, the first bus, train, boat leaves at 7.15 a.m.; perdere la corsa ( di autobus, treno, battello), to miss the bus, train, boat

4 (mecc.) ( di pistone) stroke: corsa a vuoto, idle stroke

5 (aer.) run: corsa di arresto, di atterraggio, landing run; corsa di decollo, take-off run.

* * *
['korsa]
sostantivo femminile

1) (il correre) running; (singola corsa) run

fare una corsa per prendere l'autobus — to run o dash to catch the bus

fare una corsa dal panettiere — to pop in at the baker's BE, to duck out to the bakery AE

essere veloce nella corsa — to be a fast runner

2) (tragitto) (di veicolo pubblico) ride

prezzo della corsa — fare

biglietto di corsa semplice — one-way ticket

perdere l'ultima corsa del treno — to miss the last train

3) (il procedere di un mezzo)

autobus in corsa — moving bus

4) (competizione) race, rush, chase (a for)

la corsa all'impiego — the chase for jobs

la corsa al potere — the race for power

la corsa alla presidenza — the precidency o presidential contest

una corsa agli acquisti — a flurry of buying

5) (gara) race; (attività) racing

scommettere alle -e dei cavalli — to bet on the horses

6) mecc. (movimento) travel, stroke

a fine corsa — at full stroke

7) da corsa

auto da corsa — competition car, racer, racing car AE

bicicletta da corsa — racer

cavallo da corsa — racehorse, racer

scarpe da corsa — running shoes

8) di corsa (correndo)

salire le scale di corsa — to run o go running up the stairs, to dash up the steps

arrivare di corsa — to come running

entrare di corsa — to run o rush in; (in fretta)

fare qcs. di corsa — to do sth. in a hurry o in haste

•

corsa agli armamenti — pol. arms race

corsa automobilistica — motor BE o car AE race

corsa campestre — cross-country

corsa di cavalli — (gara) horse race

corsa ciclistica — (bi)cycle race

corsa a handicap — handicap (race)

corsa all'oro — gold rush

corsa a ostacoli — equit. (gara) hurdle race; (attività) hurdling; (in atletica) obstacle race; fig. obstacle course

corsa piana — equit. flat race o course AE

corsa nei sacchi — sack race

corsa in salita — hill ride

corsa a siepi — equit. steeplechase; (attività) steeplechasing

••

andare o essere di corsa to be in a hurry; una corsa contro il tempo a race against the clock o against time; essere (ancora) in corsa — to (still) be in the running

* * *

corsa

/'korsa/ ⇒ 10

sostantivo f.

1 (il correre) running; (singola corsa) run; fare una corsa per prendere l'autobus to run o dash to catch the bus; fare una corsa dal panettiere to pop in at the baker's BE, to duck out to the bakery AE; essere veloce nella corsa to be a fast runner

2 (tragitto) (di veicolo pubblico) ride; prezzo della corsa fare; biglietto di corsa semplice one-way ticket; perdere l'ultima corsa del treno to miss the last train

3 (il procedere di un mezzo) autobus in corsa moving bus

4 (competizione) race, rush, chase (a for); la corsa all'impiego the chase for jobs; la corsa al potere the race for power; la corsa alla presidenza the precidency o presidential contest; una corsa agli acquisti a flurry of buying

5 (gara) race; (attività) racing; scommettere alle -e dei cavalli to bet on the horses

6 mecc. (movimento) travel, stroke; a fine corsa at full stroke

7 da corsa auto da corsa competition car, racer, racing car AE; bicicletta da corsa racer; cavallo da corsa racehorse, racer; scarpe da corsa running shoes

8 di corsa (correndo) salire le scale di corsa to run o go running up the stairs, to dash up the steps; arrivare di corsa to come running; entrare di corsa to run o rush in; (in fretta) fare qcs. di corsa to do sth. in a hurry o in haste

IDIOMS

andare o essere di corsa to be in a hurry; una corsa contro il tempo a race against the clock o against time; essere (ancora) in corsa to (still) be in the running

\

COMPOUNDS

corsa agli armamenti pol. arms race; corsa automobilistica motor BE o car AE race; corsa campestre cross-country; corsa di cavalli (gara) horse race; corsa ciclistica (bi)cycle race; corsa a handicap handicap (race); corsa all'oro gold rush; corsa a ostacoli equit. (gara) hurdle race; (attività) hurdling; (in atletica) obstacle race; fig. obstacle course; corsa piana equit. flat race o course AE; corsa nei sacchi sack race; corsa in salita hill ride; corsa a siepi equit. steeplechase; (attività) steeplechasing.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > corsa
6 avant

avant [avɑ̃]

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1. preposition

2. adverb

3. masculine noun

4. invariable adjective

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1. <

   a. (temps) before

• il est parti avant nous he left before us

• il est parti avant la fin he left before the end

• peu avant mon mariage shortly before I got married

• il n'est pas arrivé avant 9 heures he didn't arrive until 9

• il me le faut avant demain I must have it before tomorrow

• ça doit être terminé avant une semaine it has to be done within a week

• rien ne sera plus jamais comme avant nothing will ever be the same

► avant de (+ infinitif) before

• il a téléphoné avant de partir he phoned before he left

• consultez-moi avant de prendre une décision consult me before you decide

• à prendre avant de manger to be taken before meals► avant que (+ subjonctif) before

• je veux lire sa lettre avant qu'elle ne l'envoie I want to read her letter before she sends it

• n'envoyez pas cette lettre avant que je l'aie lue don't send the letter until I have read it

   b. (durée) for

• il n'arrivera pas avant une demi-heure he won't be here for another half hour yet

• on ne le reverra pas avant longtemps we won't see him again for a long time

• avant peu shortly

   c. (lieu) before

• sa maison est juste avant la poste his house is just before the post office

   d. (priorité) before ; (dans une liste, un classement) ahead of

► avant tout, avant toute chose ( = ce qui est le plus important) above all ; ( = tout d'abord) first

• avant tout, il faut éviter la guerre above all war must be avoided

• il faut avant tout vérifier l'état du toit the first step is to see what state the roof is in

2. <

   a. ( = auparavant) first

• venez me parler avant come and talk to me first

• le voyage sera long, mangez avant it's going to be a long journey so have something to eat first

► d'avant ( = précédent) previous

• la semaine d'avant the previous week

   b. ( = autrefois)

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► Lorsque l'adverbe avant signifie autrefois, cette notion est généralement exprimée en anglais par used to, qui est suivi de l'infinitif.

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• avant, c'était très beau ici it used to be very beautiful here

• avant, je n'aimais pas la physique I didn't use to like physics

   c. (durée) before

• quelques mois avant some months before

• bien avant long before

   d. (lieu) tu vois la boulangerie ? le fleuriste est juste avant you see the baker's? the florist's is just this side of it

► en avant [mouvement] forward ; [position] in front

• la voiture fit un bond en avant the car lurched forward

• en avant, marche ! forward march!

• être en avant (d'un groupe) to be in front

• partez en avant, on vous rejoindra you go on ahead, we'll catch up with you

• mettre qch en avant to put sth forward

• il aime se mettre en avant he likes to push himself forward

3. <

   a. ( = partie antérieure) [d'avion, voiture, train] front ; [de navire] bows

• aller de l'avant to forge ahead

► à l'avant in the front

• dans cette voiture on est mieux à l'avant it's more comfortable in the front of this car

• voyager à l'avant du train to travel in the front section of the train

   b. ( = joueur) forward

• la ligne des avants the forward line

4. <

( = antérieur) front

• les sièges avant the front seats

• la partie avant the front part

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I
1. avɑ̃
adverbe

1) ( dans le temps) gén before, beforehand; ( d'abord) first

que faisait-il avant? — what was he doing before?

bien avant — long before

la séance d'avant — the previous performance

pas ce lundi mais celui d'avant — not this Monday but the previous one

la fois d'avant nous nous étions déjà perdus — we got lost the last time as well

2) ( dans l'espace) before

tu vois l'église, j'habite (juste) avant — can you see the church? I live (just) before it

il l'a mentionné avant dans l'introduction — he mentioned it earlier in the introduction

je crois que la dame était avant — I think this lady was first

il est inutile de creuser plus avant — there's no point in digging any further

refuser de s'engager plus avant — lit to refuse to go any further; fig to refuse to get any more involved

3) ( dans une hiérarchie) before

le T vient avant — T comes before

mon travail passe avant — my work comes first

2.

préposition

1) ( dans le temps) before

avant mon départ/retour — before I leave/come back

avant la fin — before the end

peu avant minuit — shortly before midnight

avant le 1^er juillet — by 1 July

j'aurai fini avant une semaine — I'll have finished within a week

avant peu — shortly

2) ( dans l'espace) before

avant la poste — before the post office

3) ( dans une hiérarchie) before

faire passer quelqu'un/quelque chose avant quelqu'un/quelque chose — to put somebody/something before somebody/something

avant tout, avant toute chose — ( surtout) above all; ( d'abord) first and foremost

3.

avant de locution prépositive

avant de faire — before doing

4.

avant que locution conjonctive

avant qu'il (ne) fasse — before he does

5.

en avant locution adverbiale forward(s)

se pencher/faire un pas en avant — to lean/to take a step forward(s)

en avant, marche! — Armée forward march!

en avant toute! — Nautisme, fig full steam ahead!

en avant la musique! — (colloq) off we go!

mettre quelqu'un/quelque chose en avant — to put somebody/something forward

mettre en avant le fait que — to point out the fact that

6.

en avant de locution prépositive ahead of [groupe]

II
1. avɑ̃
adjectif invariable [roue, siège, patte] front

2.

nom masculin

1) ( partie antérieure)

l'avant — the front

aller de l'avant — to forge ahead

d'avant en arrière — backwards and forwards

2) Sport forward

••

avant I

Lorsque avant est adverbe il se traduit par before sauf lorsqu'il signifie ‘en premier lieu, d'abord’; il se traduit alors par first: si tu prends la route, mange quelque chose avant = if you're going to drive, have something to eat first

Lorsque avant est préposition il se traduit par before sauf dans le cas où une limite de temps est précisée; il se traduit alors par by: à retourner avant le 30 mars = to be returned by 30 March

avant entre dans la composition de nombreux mots qui s'écrivent avec un trait d'union ( avant-hier, avant-guerre, avant-coureur etc). Ces mots sont des entrées à part et on les trouvera dans la nomenclature du dictionnaire. Utilisé avant un nom pour désigner une période précédant un événement ou l'avènement d'une personne il se traduit par pre- et forme alors un groupe adjectival que l'on fait suivre du nom approprié: l'avant-1945/l'avant-Thatcher/l'avant-sommet = the pre-1945 period/the pre-Thatcher era/the pre-summit discussions

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avɑ̃
1. prép

before

2. adv

trop avant — too far forward

plus avant — further forward

3. adj inv

siège avant — front seat

roue avant — front wheel

4. nm

1) [véhicule] front

l'avant de la voiture — the front of the car

à l'avant — in the front, in front

2) SPORT (= joueur) forward

3) (autres locutions)

aller de l'avant — to steam ahead, to make good progress

en avant — forward, forwards Grande-Bretagne

Il a fait un pas en avant. — He took a step forward.

un grand pas en avant fig — a big step forward

en avant de — in front of

avant que (avec subjonctif) ; avant qu'il ne parte; avant qu'il parte — before he leaves

avant qu'il ne pleuve; avant qu'il pleuve — before it rains

avant de partir — before leaving

avant tout (= surtout) — above all

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I.

avant ⇒ Note d'usage

A adv

1 ( dans le temps) gén before, beforehand; ( d'abord) first; que faisait-il avant what was he doing before?; tu n'aurais pas pu le dire avant? couldn't you have said so before(hand)?; si j'avais su cela avant j'aurais… if I'd known that before(hand) I would have…; quelques heures/jours avant a few hours/days before; la nuit/la semaine/le mois avant the night/the week/the month before; peu avant not long before (that); bien avant long before; le bus/train d'avant the previous bus/train; les locataires d'avant the previous tenants; le cours/la séance d'avant the previous lesson/performance; repose-toi avant tu partiras ensuite rest first and then go; laquelle de ces lettres veux-tu que je tape avant? which of these letters would you like me to type first?; avant nous n'avions pas l'électricité we didn't have electricity before; aussitôt avant just before; j'avais compris longtemps avant I had understood a long time before; ce n'était pas ce lundi mais celui d'avant it was not this Monday but the previous one; la fois d'avant nous nous étions déjà perdus we got lost the last time as well; j'ai vu le film mais pas l'émission d'avant I saw the film GB ou movie US but not the programme^GB before it;

2 ( dans l'espace) before; tu vois l'église, j'habite (juste) avant can you see the church? I live (just) before it; ‘c'est avant l'église?’-‘oui juste avant’ ‘is it before the church?’-‘yes just before it’; il l'a mentionné avant dans l'introduction he mentioned it earlier in the introduction; je crois que la dame était avant I think this lady was first; il est inutile de creuser plus avant lit, fig there's no point in digging any further; refuser de s'engager plus avant lit to refuse to go any further; fig to refuse to get any more involved;

3 ( dans une hiérarchie) before; le T vient avant T comes before; son travail passe avant his work comes first.

B prép

1 ( dans le temps) before; partir/arriver avant qn to leave/to arrive before sb, to leave/to arrive before sb does; avant mon départ/retour before I leave/come back; les enfants avant les adultes children before adults; je suis partie avant la fin I left before the end; avant l'ouverture/la fermeture des magasins before the shops GB ou stores US open/close; peu avant minuit shortly before midnight; ne viens pas avant 5 heures don't come before 5 o'clock; rentrer avant la nuit/le dîner to come back before nightfall/dinner; la situation d'avant la crise/révolution the situation before the crisis/revolution; avant le 1^er juillet by 1 July; le travail doit être fini avant l'été/la fin de l'année/19 heures the work must be completed by the summer/the end of the year/7 pm; j'aurai fini avant une semaine/un mois I'll have finished within a week/a month; nous partons à 11 heures, avant cela je vais travailler un peu we're leaving at 11, I'm going to do a bit of work before then; avant peu shortly; vous serez informé avant peu des nouvelles consignes you will be informed of the new orders shortly; bien/peu avant 16 heures well/a little before 4 pm; bien avant ta naissance long ou well before you were born ; avant toute explication/considération before explaining/considering anything; avant déduction/impôt before deductions/tax;

2 ( dans l'espace) before; avant le croisement/la poste before the crossing/the post office; bien/juste avant le pont well/just before the bridge; j'étais avant vous I was in front of ou before you; ⇒ charrue;

3 ( dans une hiérarchie) before; le grade de capitaine vient avant celui de colonel the rank of captain comes before that of colonel; faire passer qn/qch avant qn/qch to put sb/sth before sb/sth; avant tout, avant toute chose ( surtout) above all; ( d'abord) first and foremost; il recherche avant tout la tranquillité above all he wants peace and quiet; il s'agit avant tout de comprendre le principe above all, it is a matter of understanding the principle; je suis avant tout un peintre I am first and foremost a painter.

C en avant loc adv

1 ( dans l'espace) forward(s); se pencher/faire un pas en avant to lean/to take a step forward(s); faire deux pas en avant to take two steps forward(s); partir en avant to go ahead; en avant!, en avant la musique○! off we go!; en avant, marche! Mil, fig forward march!; en avant toute! Naut, fig full steam ahead!; mettre qch en avant to put sth forward; mettre en avant le fait que to point out the fact that; mettre qn en avant to put sb forward; se mettre en avant to push oneself forward;

2 ( dans le temps) ahead.

D avant de loc prép avant de faire before doing; réfléchis avant de prendre ta décision think about it before making a decision ou before you make a decision; c'est juste avant d'arriver dans le village it's just before you get to the village; agiter avant de servir shake before serving.

E avant que loc conj avant qu'il ne soit trop tard/qu'elle ne dise non before it's too late/she says no; essaie de rentrer avant qu'il ne fasse nuit try to come back before dark; il est parti un jour avant que je n'arrive he left one day before I arrived; le gouvernement a démissionné avant que la révolte n'éclate the government resigned before the rebellion broke out.

F en avant de loc prép ahead of [groupe, cortège].

II.

avant

A adj inv [roue, siège, patte] front; la partie avant de qch the front part of sth.

B nm

1 ( partie antérieure) l'avant the front; tout l'avant du véhicule est à refaire the whole of the front of the vehicle will have to be repaired; à l'avant in (the) front; à l'avant du train [passager, locomotive] at the front of the train; à l'avant du bateau at the front of the boat; d'avant en arrière backward(s) and forward(s); aller de l'avant to forge ahead; aller de l'avant dans ses projets to forge ahead with one's plans; c'est une femme qui va de l'avant she's very go-ahead;

2 Sport forward; la ligne des avants gén the forward line; ( au rugby) the front line.

[avɑ̃] préposition

1. [dans le temps] before

il est arrivé avant la nuit/le dîner he arrived before nightfall/dinner

avant son élection prior to her election, before being elected

200 ans avant Jésus-Christ 200 (years) BC

je ne serai pas prêt avant une demi-heure I won't be ready for another half an hour

nous n'ouvrons pas avant 10 h we don't open until 10

le contrat sera signé avant deux mois the contract will be signed within two months

il faut que je termine avant ce soir I've got to finish by this evening

peu avant les élections a short while ou time before the elections

2. [dans l'espace] before

vous tournez à droite juste avant le feu you turn right just before the lights

3. [dans un rang, un ordre, une hiérarchie] before

vous êtes avant moi [dans une file d'attente] you're before me

il était juste avant moi dans la file he was just in front of me in the queue

leur équipe est maintenant avant la nôtre dans le classement général their team is now ahead of us in the league

je place le travail avant tout le reste I put work above ou before everything else

ta santé passe avant ta carrière your health is more important than ou comes before your career

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[avɑ̃] adverbe

1. [dans le temps] before

avant, j'avais plus de patience avec les enfants I used to be more patient with children

la maison est comme avant the house has remained the same ou is the same as it was (before)

quand j'ai un rendez-vous, j'aime arriver un peu avant when I'm due to meet someone, I like to get there a little ahead of time

bien ou longtemps avant well ou long before

il est parti quelques minutes avant he left a few minutes before ou earlier

très avant dans la saison very late in the season

discuter/lire bien avant dans la nuit to talk/to read late into the night

2. [dans l'espace]

vous voyez le parc? il y a un restaurant juste avant see the park? there's a restaurant just before it ou this side of it

allons plus avant let's go further

il s'était aventuré trop avant dans la forêt he'd ventured too far into the forest

(figuré)

sans entrer ou aller plus avant dans les détails without going into any further ou more detail

il est allé trop avant dans les réformes he went too far with the reforms

3. [dans un rang, un ordre, une hiérarchie]

est-ce que je peux passer avant? can I go first?

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[avɑ̃] adjectif invariable

[saut périlleux, roulade] forward

[roue, siège, partie] front

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[avɑ̃] nom masculin

1. [d'un véhicule] front

NAUTIQUE bow, bows

il s'est porté vers l'avant du peloton he moved to the front of the bunch

montez à l'avant sit in the front

aller de l'avant (sens propre & figuré) to forge ahead

2. SPORT forward

[au volley] frontline player

jouer avant droit/gauche to play right/left forward

la ligne des avants, les avants the forward line, the forwards

3. MILITAIRE

l'avant the front

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avant de locution prépositionnelle

before

avant de partir, il faudra... before leaving, it'll be necessary to...

je ne signerai rien avant d'avoir vu les locaux I won't sign anything until ou before I see the premises

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avant que locution conjonctive

ne dites rien avant qu'il n'arrive don't say anything until he arrives

je viendrai la voir avant qu'elle (ne) parte I'll come and see her before she leaves

avant qu'il comprenne, celui-là! by the time he's understood!

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avant que de locution prépositionnelle

(littéraire) before

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avant tout locution adverbiale

1. [surtout]

c'est une question de dignité avant tout it's a question of dignity above all (else)

2. [tout d'abord] first

avant tout, je voudrais vous dire ceci first (and foremost), I'd like to tell you this

avant toute chose locution adverbiale

first of all

avant toute chose, je vais prendre une douche I'll have a shower before I do anything else

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d'avant locution adjectivale

le jour/le mois d'avant the previous day/month, the day/month before

je vais essayer de prendre le train d'avant I'll try to catch the earlier train

les locataires d'avant étaient plus sympathiques the previous tenants were much nicer

en avant locution adverbiale

[marcher] in front

[partir] ahead

[se pencher, tomber, bondir] forward

en avant! forward!

en avant, marche! MILITAIRE forward march!

(figuré)

mettre quelqu'un en avant

a. [pour se protéger] to use somebody as a shield

b. [pour le faire valoir] to push somebody forward ou to the front

mettre quelque chose en avant to put something forward

en avant de locution prépositionnelle

il marche toujours en avant des autres he always walks ahead of the others

le barrage routier a été installé en avant de Dijon the roadblock was set up just before Dijon

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > avant

7 apprenti

apprenti, e [apʀɑ̃ti]

masculine noun, feminine noun

[de métier] apprentice ; ( = débutant) beginner

• jouer à l'apprenti sorcier to play God

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1.

apprentie apʀɑ̃ti nom masculin, féminin gén trainee; ( d'artisan) apprentice

être apprenti chez quelqu'un — gén to train with somebody; ( avec un artisan) to serve an apprenticeship with somebody

entrer comme apprenti chez quelqu'un — to be apprenticed to somebody

2.

apprenti(-), apprentie(-) (in compounds)

1) gén trainee; ( de métier artisanal) apprentice

apprenti boulanger — baker's apprentice

apprenti serveur — trainee waiter

2) ( sans expérience)

apprenti-ministre — novice minister

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- apprenti sorcier

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apʀɑ̃ti nm/f apprenti, -e
1) (métier) apprentice

2) fig novice, beginner

* * *

apprenti, apprentie

A nm,f gén trainee; ( d'artisan) apprentice; être apprenti chez qn gén to train with sb; ( avec un artisan) to serve as an apprentice ou to do an apprenticeship with sb; entrer comme apprenti chez qn to be apprenticed to sb.

B apprenti(-), apprentie(-) ( in compounds)

1 gén trainee; ( de métier artisanal) apprentice; apprenti boulanger baker's apprentice; apprenti forgeron blacksmith's apprentice; apprenti serveur trainee waiter;

2 ( sans expérience) apprenti-ministre novice minister; apprenti poète novice poet.

Composé

apprenti sorcier sorcerer's apprentice; jouer les apprentis sorciers to open a Pandora's box.

, apprentie [aprɑ̃ti] nom masculin, nom féminin

apprentice

apprenti maçon builder's apprentice

jouer les apprentis sorciers ou à l'apprenti sorcier (figuré) to play at being God

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > apprenti

8 passage

passage [pαsaʒ]

1. masculine noun

   a. ( = venue) guetter le passage du facteur to watch for the postman

• observer le passage des oiseaux dans le ciel to watch the birds fly over

• lors d'un récent passage à Paris on a recent trip to Paris

• « passage interdit » "no entry"

• il y a beaucoup de passage l'été a lot of people pass through here in the summer

► de passage

• clients de passage passing trade

• il est de passage à Paris he is in Paris at the moment

   b. ( = transfert) le passage de l'enfance à l'adolescence the transition from childhood to adolescence

• son passage en classe supérieure est problématique he may have to stay down

• passage à l'acte taking action

   c. ( = lieu) passage ; ( = chemin) way ; ( = rue) passage

• un passage dangereux sur la falaise a dangerous section of the cliff

• on se retourne sur son passage people turn round and look when he goes past

• l'ouragan dévasta tout sur son passage the hurricane demolished everything in its path

• va plus loin, tu gênes le passage move along, you're blocking the way

• ne laissez pas vos valises dans le passage don't leave your cases in the way

   d. ( = fragment) [de livre, symphonie] passage

• il a eu un passage à vide (baisse de forme) he went through a bad patch

• j'ai toujours un petit passage à vide vers 16 h I always start to flag around 4 o'clock

   e. ( = traversée) [de rivière, limite, montagnes] crossing

2. compounds

► passage clouté pedestrian crossing

► passage à niveau level crossing (Brit), grade crossing (US)

► passage obligé

• cette école est le passage obligé pour les hauts fonctionnaires this school is the place to go if you want to be a top civil servant ► passage piétons, passage pour piétons pedestrian walkway

► passage protégé (Automobiles) right of way (over secondary roads)

► passage souterrain underground passage ; (pour piétons) underpass

* * *
pasaʒ
nom masculin

1) ( circulation)

interdire le passage des camions dans la ville — to ban trucks from (driving through) the town

une rue où il y a beaucoup de passage — ( véhicules) a street where there's a lot of traffic

2) ( séjour)

ton passage dans la ville a été bref — your stay in the town was brief

un petit passage chez le teinturier ne lui ferait pas de mal — a visit to the dry-cleaners' wouldn't do it any harm

après un bref passage dans la fonction publique — after a short spell in the civil service

3) ( visite en chemin)

était-ce après le passage du facteur? — was it after the postman had come ou been?

manquer le passage des cigognes — to miss the storks going over

je peux te prendre au passage — I can pick you up on the way

des hôtes de passage — short-stay guests

4) ( franchissement)

‘passage interdit, voie privée’ — ‘no entry, private road’

pour permettre le passage de la lumière — in order to let the light in

pour empêcher le passage de l'air — in order to prevent draughts GB ou drafts US

pour laisser or céder le passage à l'ambulance — in order to let the ambulance go past

on se retourne sur leur passage — people's heads turn as they go past

notons au passage que... — fig let's note in passing that...

se servir au passage — lit ( en passant) to help oneself; fig ( légalement) to take a cut (of the profits); ( illégalement) to pocket some of the profits

passage en ferry — ferry crossing

le passage à gué du bras de mer est possible à marée basse — the sound can be forded at low tide

5) (à la radio, télévision, au théâtre)

leur troisième passage à l'Olympia — the third time they've been to the Olympia

ton passage sur scène a été remarqué — you made a great impact on stage

chaque passage de votre chanson à la radio — every time your song is played on the radio

6) ( chemin emprunté) ( par une personne) way; ( par une chose) path

prévoir le passage de câbles — to plan the route of cables

7) ( à une situation nouvelle)

passage (de quelque chose) à quelque chose — transition (from something) to something

passage à la phase suivante — progression to the next phase

son passage dans la classe supérieure est compromis — he/she won't be allowed to move up into the next year GB ou grade US

rites de passage — rites of passage

8) ( petite rue) alley; ( dans un bâtiment) passageway

9) (de roman, symphonie) passage; ( de film) sequence

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- passage à l'acte

- passage clouté

- passage à niveau

- passage obligé

- passage pour piétons

- passage protégé

- passage souterrain

- passage à tabac

- passage à vide

* * *
pɒsaʒ nm
1)

Ils s'arrêtaient de travailler au passage du train. — They stopped working as the train passed.

Nous l'avons vu lors de notre passage à Brest. — We saw him when we passed through Brest.

sur le passage du cortège — along the route of the procession

au passage (alors que l'on passe) — on the way, [remarquer] in passing

au passage de; Il a été éclaboussé au passage de la voiture. — He was soaked by a passing car.

des touristes de passage — tourists who are passing through

Nous sommes de passage à Toulouse. — We're just passing through Toulouse.

2) (= accès, chemin) way

des troncs d'arbre barraient le passage — tree trunks blocked the way

"laissez le passage" — "keep clear"

"n'obstruez pas le passage" — "do not obstruct"

3) (= prix de la traversée) passage

4) (= extrait de livre) passage

J'ai traduit un passage de ce livre. — I translated a passage from this book.

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passage nm

1 ( circulation) interdire le passage des camions dans la ville to ban trucks from (driving through) the town; une rue où il y a beaucoup de passage ( piétons) a street where there are a lot of passers-by; ( véhicules) a street where there's a lot of traffic; isoler les fenêtres pour empêcher le passage de l'air to seal the windows to prevent draughts GB ou drafts US;

2 ( séjour) ton bref passage dans la ville a été très remarqué your stay in the town was brief but did not go unnoticed; lors de son passage ici il a oublié son parapluie when he was here he left his umbrella; un petit passage chez le teinturier ne lui ferait pas de mal a visit to the dry-cleaners' wouldn't do it any harm; après un bref passage dans la fonction publique after a short spell in the civil service;

3 ( visite en chemin) attendre le passage du boulanger to wait for the baker's van to come; était-ce avant ou après le passage du facteur? was it before or after the postman had been?; manquer le passage des cigognes to miss the storks going over; le passage du prochain bus est à 10 heures the next bus is at 10 o'clock; je peux te prendre au passage I can pick you up on the way; il est de passage en France/dans notre ville he is passing through France/our town; des voyageurs de passage travellers who are passing through; des hôtes de passage short-stay guests; elle n'a que des amants de passage she only has casual relationships;

4 ( franchissement) ‘passage interdit, voie privée’ ‘no entry, private road’; pour permettre le passage de la lumière in order to let the light in; les voitures se sont garées pour laisser or céder le passage à l'ambulance the cars pulled over to let the ambulance go past; on se retourne sur ton passage you make people's heads turn as you go past; notons au passage que… fig let's note in passing that…; se servir au passage lit ( en passant) to help oneself; fig ( légalement) to take a cut (of the profits); ( illégalement) to pocket some of the profits; passage en ferry/hovercraft ferry/hovercraft crossing; le passage à gué du bras de mer est possible à marée basse the sound can be forded at low tide; la voiture a peiné lors du passage du col the car had a hard time crossing the pass;

5 (à la radio, télévision, au théâtre) c'est leur troisième passage à l'Olympia it's the third time they've been to the Olympia; ton passage sur scène/à la télévision a été très remarqué you made a great impact on stage/on the television; chaque passage de votre chanson à la radio vous rapportera des droits d'auteur you'll get royalties every time your song is played on the radio;

6 ( chemin emprunté) ( par une personne) way; ( par une chose) path; prévoir le passage du tout-à-l'égout/de câbles to plan the route of the main sewer/of cables; pour aller jusqu'au sommet il y a plusieurs passages possibles there are several possible ways of getting to the summit; pousse-toi tu es dans mon passage move! you're in my way!; barrer le passage à qn to bar sb's way;

7 ( à une situation nouvelle) passage (de qch) à qch transition (from sth) to sth; passage à la deuxième étape/la phase suivante progression to the second stage/the next phase; son passage dans la classe supérieure est compromis he/she won't be allowed to move up into the next class GB ou grade US; les rites initiatiques de passage à l'âge adulte the rites of passage into adulthood;

8 ( petite rue) alley; ( dans un bâtiment) passageway;

9 (de roman, symphonie) passage; ( de film) sequence;

10 Équit passage.

Composés

passage à l'acte Psych acting out; passage clouté† = passage pour piétons; passage à niveau level crossing GB, grade crossing US; passage obligé prerequisite (pour for); passage pour piétons pedestrian crossing, crosswalk US; passage protégé right of way; passage souterrain underground passage; ( sous une rue) subway; passage à tabac beating; subir un passage à tabac to be beaten up; passage à vide gén bad patch; (pour un acteur, artiste) unproductive period.

[pasaʒ] nom masculin

A.[MOUVEMENT]

1. [allées et venues]

prochain passage du car dans deux heures the coach will be back ou will pass through again in two hours' time

chaque passage du train faisait trembler les vitres the windows shook every time a train went past

laisser le passage à quelqu'un/une ambulance to let somebody/an ambulance through, to make way for somebody/an ambulance

ils attendaient le passage des coureurs they were waiting for the runners to go by

les gens se retournent sur son passage heads turn when he walks by ou past

‘passage de troupeaux’ ‘cattle crossing’

2. [circulation] traffic

3. [arrivée, venue]

elle attend le passage de l'autobus she's waiting for the bus

4. [visite] call, visit

c'est le seul souvenir qui me reste de mon passage chez eux that's the only thing I remember of my visit to them

lors de mon prochain passage à Paris next time I'm in Paris

‘le relevé du compteur sera fait lors de notre prochain passage’ ‘we will read your meter the next time we call’

5. [franchissement - d'une frontière, d'un fleuve] crossing ; [ - d'un col] passing ; [ - de la douane] passing (through)

après le passage du sucre dans l'urine after the sugar has gone ou passed into the urine

‘passage interdit’ ‘no entry’

passage à l'ennemi MILITAIRE going over to the enemy

6. [changement, transition] change, transition

le passage de l'hiver au printemps the change ou passage from winter to spring

le passage de l'autocratie à la démocratie the changeover ou transition from autocracy to democracy

7. [dans une hiérarchie] move

passage d'un employé à l'échelon supérieur promotion of an employee to a higher grade

le passage dans la classe supérieure ÉDUCATION going ou moving up to the next class (UK) ou grade (US)

8. [voyage sur mer, traversée] crossing

ils travaillaient durement pour payer leur passage they worked hard to pay their passage ou to pay for their crossing

9. ASTRONOMIE transit

10. INFORMATIQUE

passage machine run

11. PSYCHOLOGIE

passage à l'acte acting out

12. RADIO & THÉÂTRE & TÉLÉVISION

lors de son dernier passage à la télévision

a. [personne] last time he was on TV

b. [film] last time it was shown on TV

pour son premier passage au Théâtre du Rocher for her first appearance at the Théâtre du Rocher

B.[VOIE]

1. [chemin] passage, way

enlève ton sac du passage move your bag out of the way

il y a des passages dangereux dans la grotte there are some dangerous passages in the cave

donner ou livrer passage à quelqu'un/quelque chose to let somebody/something in

essaye de trouver un passage dans cette foule try to find a way through the crowd

passage secret secret passage

2. [ruelle] alley, passage

[galerie commerçante] arcade

passage couvert passageway

3. [tapis de couloir] runner

4. AUTOMOBILE

passage de roue wheel housing

5. RAIL

passage à niveau level crossing (UK), grade crossing (US)

6. TRAVAUX PUBLICS

passage clouté ou (pour) piétons pedestrian ou zebra crossing (UK), crosswalk (US)

passage protégé priority over secondary roads

passage souterrain (pedestrian) subway (UK), underpass

C.[D'UN FILM, D'UN ROMAN] passage, section

elle m'a lu quelques passages de la lettre de Paul she read me a few passages from Paul's letter

tu te souviens du passage où ils se rencontrent? do you remember the bit where they meet?

————————

au passage locution adverbiale

[sur un trajet] on one's ou the way

les enfants doivent attraper la cocarde au passage the children have to catch the ribbon as they go past

(figuré) in passing

j'ai noté au passage que... I noticed in passing that...

————————

au passage de locution prépositionnelle

au passage du carrosse, la foule applaudissait when the carriage went past ou through, the crowd clapped

————————

de passage locution adjectivale

[client] casual

être de passage [voyageur] to be passing through

je suis de passage à Paris I'm in Paris for a few days

————————

sur le passage de locution prépositionnelle

la foule s'est massée sur le passage du marathon the crowd gathered on the marathon route

passage à tabac nom masculin

beating up

passage à vide nom masculin

avoir un passage à vide

a. [syncope] to feel faint, to faint

b. [moralement] to go through a bad patch

c. [intellectuellement] to have a lapse in concentration

j'ai eu un petit passage à vide juste avant midi I was feeling a bit faint just before lunch

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > passage

9 zu

Präp. (+ Dat)

1. räumlich, Richtung: to, toward(s); bis zu up to; zu jemandem gehen go and ( oder to) see s.o.; zu Tal fahren, gleiten etc.: downhill; Boden 2, Kopf 2 etc.

2. räumlich, Lage: at, in; zu Berlin in ( amtlich: at) Berlin; der Dom zu Köln Cologne Cathedral; zu ebener Erde at ground level; zu jemandes Füßen at s.o.’s feet; zu Hause at home; zu beiden Seiten des Rheins on both sides of the Rhine; zu Wasser und zu Lande on land and at sea; Gasthof zu den drei Eichen the Three Oaktrees (Inn)

3. zeitlich, Zeitpunkt: at; Zeitraum: over; Anlass: for; noch zehn Minuten ( bis) zu... another ten minutes before...; zu Beginn at the beginning; zu Weihnachten at Christmas; schenken etc.: for Christmas; Lebzeiten

4. (für) Zweck, Ziel: for; zu etw. gut sein be good for s.th.; Stoff zu einem Kleid material for a dress

5. Ergebnis ausdrückend: (in)to; es kam zu einem Skandal it blew up into a scandal, a scandal resulted; zu Asche verbrennen burn to ashes; zu etw. werden turn into s.th.; Person: auch become s.th.; zu meiner Freude / Überraschung to my delight / surprise

6. Beziehung ausdrückend: for; thematisch: about, on; sich äußern zu say s.th. about; gehören zu belong to; gemein / nett zu nasty / nice to; passen zu suit; der Schlüssel zur Gartentür the key to the garden door; Liebe / Zuneigung zu jemandem love / affection for s.o.; aus Freundschaft zu ihr out of friendship for her

7. Zusammensein: (mit) with; (hinzu) to; sich zu jemandem setzen sit with s.o., join s.o., sit (down) next to s.o.; Brot zum Ei essen have bread with one’s egg; Zucker zum Kaffee nehmen take sugar in one’s coffee; zu alledem kommt noch hinzu, dass... and on top of all that...

8. Art und Weise: zu Fuß on foot; zu Pferd kommen come on horseback; zu Deutsch in German

9. Menge, Zahl, Häufigkeit, Verhältnis etc.: in; nur zu einem kleinen Teil only to a small extent; ein Potenzial, das nur zu einem kleinen Teil genutzt wird a potential only a small part of which is actually used; zu zweit nebeneinander gehen walk along two by two; sie kamen zu sechst six of them came; zu hunderten oder Hunderten in hundreds; es ist zu 20% / einem Viertel falsch 20% / a quarter of it is incorrect; ein Fass zu 50 Litern a 50-lit|re (Am. -er) barrel; zehn Karten zu zwei Euro (а, je) ten tickets at two euros (a ticket); insgesamt: ten tickets for two euros

10. Zahlenverhältnis: 3 zu 1 three to one; SPORT bei Ergebnisangaben: three-one

11. Adelsprädikat: Graf zu Pappenheim Count of Pappenheim; Hilfe 1 etc., zum, zur

—

zu2

Adv.

1. (übermäßig) too; zu sehr too much; zu sehr betonen overemphasize; das Loch ist zu groß, als dass man es noch flicken könnte the hole is too big to be mended; ( viel) zu viel / viele (far oder much) too much / many; einer etc. zu viel one etc. too many; einmal zu viel once too often; ein gutes Gehalt wäre zu viel gesagt a good salary would be a bit of an overstatement; ich krieg zu viel! umg. well blow me down!; was zu viel ist, ist zu viel! enough is enough!; zu wenig not enough, too little (Pl. few); viel zu wenig not nearly enough, far too little (Pl. few); einer etc. zu wenig one etc. short, one etc. too few; du isst zu wenig you don’t eat enough, you need to eat more

2. umg. (sehr) too, so, terribly; zu niedlich! how terribly sweet!; das ist ja zu nett! (sehr nett) that’s really very nice!; iro. (sehr gemein) how terribly nice (of you)!; (sehr ärgerlich) a fine thing, I must say!

3. umg.: immer oder nur zu! go on!; na, dann ( mal) zu! OK, go ahead; beim Aufbruch: OK, let’s go, off we (bzw. you) go then

4. Richtung: nach Norden zu toward(s) the north; zeitlich: auf oder gegen... zu toward(s)

—

zu3

I Adj. umg.

1. zu sein Fenster, Mund etc.: be closed, be shut; eine zu(n) e Tür etc. a closed door etc.

2. zu sein (verstopft) Nase: be blocked; Ader, Straße, Zufahrt: be blocked

3. zu sein (ausgebucht) Flug: be full

4. zu sein (betrunken) be plastered, be pissed Sl.; (im Drogenrausch) be out of it

II Adv. (Ggs. offen) closed, shut; Augen zu! close your eyes; Tür zu! shut the door!

—

zu4

Konj.

1. (+ Inf.): ich habe zu arbeiten I’ve got work to do; es ist nicht zu übersehen it can’t be overlooked; gut zu gebrauchen sein be perfectly usable; ich erinnere mich, ihn gesehen zu haben I remember seeing him; auch im Wort: auszuhalten sein be bearable

2. (+ Part. Präs.): ein sorgfältig zu erwägender Plan a plan requiring careful consideration; auch im Wort: die auszuwechselnden Fahrzeugteile the parts to be exchanged

* * *

at (Präp.); on (Präp.); upon (Präp.); too (Adv.); to (Präp.); unto (Präp.); for (Präp.); into (Präp.);

(geschlossen) closed (Adj.)

* * *
[tsuː]
1. PRÄPOSITION (+dat)

1) örtlich: Richtung, Ziel to

zum Bahnhof — to the station

zur Stadt gehen — to go to town

zur Stadtmitte gehen — to go to the town centre (Brit) or center (US)

zum Bäcker/Arzt gehen — to go to the baker's/doctor's

zum Theater gehen (beruflich) — to go on the stage

zum Militär gehen, zu den Soldaten gehen — to join the army, to join up

bis zu — as far as

(bis) zum Bahnhof sind es 5 km — it's 5 kms to the station

zum Meer hin — toward(s) the sea

zum Himmel weisen — to point heavenwards

zur Decke sehen — to look up at the ceiling

zu jdm/etw hinaufsehen — to look up at sb/sth

zu jdm herübersehen/hinübersehen — to look across at sb

sie wandte sich zu ihm hin — she turned to him

sie sah zu ihm hin — she looked toward(s) him

die Tür zum Keller — the door to the cellar

sich zu Tisch setzen (geh) — to sit down at the table

sich zu jdm setzen — to sit down next to or beside sb

setz dich doch zu uns — come and sit with us

etw zu sich stecken — to take sth

zum Fenster herein/hinaus — in (at)/out of the window

zur Tür hinaus/herein — out of/in the door

das Zimmer liegt zur Straße hin — the room looks out onto the street

2) örtlich: Lage bei Stadt in

zu Frankfurt (old) — in Frankfurt

der Dom zu Köln — the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedral

der Reichstag zu Worms (Hist) — the Diet of Worms

zu Hause — at home

zu seiner Linken saß... (geh) — on his left sat...

zu beiden Seiten (des Hauses) — on both sides (of the house)

zu Lande und zu Wasser — on land and sea

jdm zur Seite stehen — to stand beside sb

jdm zur Seite sitzen (geh) — to sit at sb's side

3) zeitlich at

zu früher/später Stunde — at an early/late hour

zu Ostern — at Easter

letztes Jahr zu Weihnachten — last Christmas

(bis) zum 15. April/Donnerstag/Abend — until 15th April/Thursday/(this) evening

zum Wochenende hat sich Besuch angesagt — we're having visitors at the weekend

die Zahlung ist zum 15. April fällig — the payment is due on 15th April

zum 31. Mai kündigen — to give in (Brit) or turn in (US) one's notice for 31st May

4)

Zusammengehörigkeit, Begleitung, Zusatz Wein zum Essen trinken — to drink wine with one's meal

der Deckel zu diesem Topf — the lid for this pan

nehmen Sie Milch zum Kaffee? — do you take milk in your coffee?

zur Gitarre singen — to sing to (Brit) or with (US) a/the guitar

Lieder zur Laute — songs accompanied by the lute

die Melodie zu dem Lied — the tune of the song

Vorwort/Anmerkungen zu etw — preface/notes to sth

zu dem kommt noch, dass ich... — on top of that I...

etw zu etw tragen (Kleidung) — to wear sth with sth

etw zu etw legen — to put sth with sth

5) Zweck, Bestimmung for

Wasser zum Waschen — water for washing

Papier zum Schreiben — paper to write on, writing paper

ein Bett zum Schlafen — a bed to sleep in

der Knopf zum Abstellen — the off button

Stoff zu einem Kleid — material for a dress

die Luke zum Einsteigen — the entrance hatch

das Zeichen zum Aufbruch — the signal to leave

etw zur Antwort geben — to say sth in reply

zur Einführung... — by way of (an) introduction...

zu seiner Entschuldigung muss man sagen... — in his defence (Brit) or defense (US) one must say...

zu seiner Entschuldigung sagte er... — by way of apology he said...

zur Erklärung — by way of explanation

er sagte das nur zu ihrer Beruhigung — he said that just to set her mind at rest

zu nichts taugen, zu nichts zu gebrauchen sein — to be no use to anyone (inf)

6)

Anlass etw zum Geburtstag/zu Weihnachten bekommen — to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmas

ein Geschenk zum Hochzeitstag — a wedding anniversary present

zu Ihrem 60. Geburtstag — on your 60th birthday

jdm zu etw gratulieren — to congratulate sb on sth

jdn zum Essen einladen — to invite sb for a meal

zu Ihrem schweren Verlust — on your sad loss

Ausstellung zum Jahrestag der Revolution — exhibition to mark the anniversary of the revolution

zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen — my reply to this question is as follows, on this I would like to say the following

was sagen Sie zu diesen Preisen? — what do you think of these prices?

zum Thema Gleichberechtigung — on the subject of equal rights

eine Rede zu Schillers Todestag — a speech on the anniversary of Schiller's death

"Zum Realismusbegriff" — "On the Concept of Realism"

jdn zu etw vernehmen — to question sb about sth

7)

Folge, Umstand zu seinem Besten — for his own good

zum Glück — luckily

zu meiner Schande/Freude etc — to my shame/joy etc

es ist zum Lachen — it's really funny

es ist zum Weinen — it's enough to make you cry, it makes you want to cry

8)

Mittel, Art und Weise zu Fuß/Pferd — on foot/horseback

zu Schiff — by ship

zu Deutsch — in German

etw zu einem hohen Preis verkaufen — to sell sth at a high price

etw zu einem hohen Preis versteigern — to bid up the price of sth

9) Veränderung into

zu etw werden — to turn into sth; (Mensch auch) to become sth

Leder zu Handtaschen verarbeiten — to make handbags out of leather

jdn/etw zu etw machen — to make sb/sth (into) sth

jdn zum Mann machen — to make a man of sb

zu Asche verbrennen — to burn to ashes

wieder zu Staub werden — to return to dust

etw zu Pulver zermahlen — to grind sth into powder

sie ist zu einer wahren Schönheit herangewachsen — she has grown up into a real beauty

jdn zum Major befördern — to promote sb to (the rank of) major

10) = als as

jdn zum König wählen — to choose sb as king

jdn zu etw ernennen — to nominate sb sth

er machte mich zu seinem Stellvertreter — he made me his deputy

jdn zum Freund haben — to have sb as a friend

er machte sie zu seiner Frau, er nahm sie zur Frau — he made her his wife

zum Künstler geboren sein — to be born to be an artist

11)

Verhältnis, Beziehung Liebe zu jdm — love for sb

aus Freundschaft zu jdm — because of one's friendship with sb

Vertrauen zu jdm/etw — trust in sb/sth

meine Beziehung zu ihm — my relationship with him

12)

in Vergleichen im Vergleich zu — in comparison with, compared with

im Verhältnis drei zu zwei (Math) — in the ratio (of) three to two

Wasser und Saft im Verhältnis drei zu eins mischen — take three parts water to one of juice

drei zu zwei (Sport) — three-two

3:2 — the score is 3-2 or (gesprochen) three-two

wir haben 4 zu 3 gewonnen — we won 4-3

See:

→ Verhältnis

13)

bei Zahlenangaben zu zwei Prozent — at two per cent (Brit) or percent (US)

wir verkaufen die Gläser jetzt das Stück zu 99 Cent — we're selling the glasses now at or for 99 cents each

fünf (Stück) zu 80 Cent — five for 80 cents

zu zwei Dritteln (gefüllt) — two-thirds (full)

zum halben Preis — at half price

die Arbeit ist schon zur Hälfte getan — the work is already half done

zum ersten Mal(e) — for the first time

zum Ersten..., zum Zweiten... (Aufzählung) — first..., second...

zum Ersten, zum Zweiten, zum Dritten (bei Auktion) — for the first time, for the second time, for the third time

See:

→ vier, bis

14)

mit Fragepronomen zu wem wollen Sie? — who do you want?

zu wem gehen Sie? — who are you going to see?

zu wem sprechen Sie morgen bei der Konferenz? — who will you be speaking to or who will you be addressing at the conference tomorrow?

zu was (inf) (Zweck) — for what

15)

bei Namen der Graf zu Ehrenstein — the Count of Ehrenstein

Gasthof zum goldenen Löwen — the Golden Lion (Inn)

16)

getrenntes "dazu" inf da komme ich nicht zu — I can't get (a)round to it

See:

→ dazu

17)

andere Wendungen zum Beispiel — for example

zu Hilfe! — help!

jdm zu Hilfe kommen — to come to sb's aid

zu jds Gedächtnis — in memory of sb

zum Gedächtnis von jdm — in sb's memory

zum Lobe von jdm/etw — in praise of sb/sth

zur Strafe — as a punishment

zur Belohnung — as a reward

zur Warnung — as a warning

zur Beurteilung/Einsicht — for inspection

zur Probe/Ansicht — on trial/approval

zur Unterschrift — for signature

2. ADVERB

1) = allzu too

zu sehr — too much

sie liebte ihn zu sehr, als dass sie ihn verraten hätte — she loved him too much to betray him

zu verliebt — too much in love

das war einfach zu dumm! (inf) — it was so stupid!

ich wäre zu gern mitgekommen — I'd have loved to come

2) = geschlossen shut, closed

auf/zu (an Hähnen etc) — on/off

Tür zu! (inf) — shut the door

die Geschäfte haben jetzt zu — the shops are shut or closed now

3)

= los, weiter inf dann mal zu! — right, off we go!

du wolltest mir was vorsingen, dann mal zu — you wanted to sing me something? OK, go ahead

immer or nur zu! — just keep on!

ihr seid auf dem richtigen Wege, nur zu! — you're on the right track, just keep going

schreie nur zu, es hilft doch nichts! — scream then, but it won't do any good!

mach zu! — get a move on!

lauft schon zu, ich komme nach — you go on, I'll catch you up

4) örtlich toward(s)

nach hinten zu — toward(s) the back

auf den Wald zu — toward(s) the forest

dem Ausgang zu — toward(s) the exit

See:

→ ab

3. ADJEKTIV
(= geschlossen inf) Tür, Geschäft, Kiste etc shut; Kleid, Verschluss done up
die zue or zune Tür (strictly incorrect) — the shut door

See:

→ zu sein

4. BINDEWORT

1) mit Infinitiv to

etw zu essen — sth to eat

der Fußboden ist noch zu fegen — the floor still has to be swept

er hat zu gehorchen — he has to do as he's told

jdm befehlen or den Auftrag erteilen, etw zu tun — to order sb to do sth

das Material ist noch/nicht mehr zu gebrauchen — the material is still/is no longer usable

diese Rechnung ist bis Montag zu bezahlen — this bill has to be paid by Monday

zu stehen kommen — to come to a stop

zu liegen kommen — to come to rest

ich habe noch zu arbeiten — I have still got (esp Brit) or I still have some work to do

ohne es zu wissen — without knowing it

um besser sehen zu können — in order to see better

ich komme, um mich zu verabschieden — I've come to say goodbye

2)

mit Partizip noch zu bezahlende Rechnungen — outstanding bills

nicht zu unterschätzende Probleme — problems (that are) not to be underestimated

das sind alles nur winzige, leicht zu übersehende Punkte — these are just small points that can easily be overlooked

der zu prüfende Kandidat, der zu Prüfende — the candidate to be examined

* * *

1) (position: They are not at home; She lives at 33 Forest Road) at

2) (direction: He looked at her; She shouted at the boys.) at

3) (to the state or condition of: A tadpole turns into a frog; I've sorted the books into piles.) into

4) (towards: They marched on the town.) on

5) ((moving, facing etc) in the direction of: He walked toward the door; She turned towards him.) towards

6) ((moving, facing etc) in the direction of: He walked toward the door; She turned towards him.) toward

7) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) to

8) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) to

9) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) to

10) to

11) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) to

12) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) to

13) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) to

14) (an old word for `to'.) unto

* * *

zu

[tsu:]

I. PRÄPOSITION MIT DATIV

1. (wohin: Ziel) to

\zum Schwimmbad geht es da lang! the swimming pool is that way!

fahr mich bitte \zur Arbeit/Kirche/Schule please drive me to work/church/school

wie weit ist es von hier \zum Bahnhof? how far is it from here to the train station?

wie komme ich [von hier] \zur Post? how do I get [from here] to the post office?

ich muss gleich \zum Arzt/ \zum Bäcker/ \zum Supermarkt I must go to the doctor's/baker's/supermarket

morgen gehe ich \zu Rainer I'm going to see Rainer tomorrow

\zu Bett gehen (geh) to go to bed

\zum Militär gehen to join the army

\zum Theater gehen to go on the stage [or into the theatre]

sich akk \zu Tisch setzen (geh) to sit down to dinner

2. (wohin: Richtung)

das Zimmer liegt \zur Straße hin the room looks out onto the street

der Kerl vom Nachbartisch sieht dauernd \zu uns rüber the bloke at the next table keeps looking across at us

\zur Decke sehen to look [up] at the ceiling

\zum Fenster hinaus/herein out of/in through the window

\zur Tür hinaus/herein out of/in through the door

\zum Himmel weisen to point heavenwards [or up at the heavens]

\zu jdm/etw hinaufsehen to look up at sb/sth

\zum Meer/zur Stadtmitte hin towards the sea/town centre

3. (wohin: neben)

▪ \zu jdm/etw next to sb/sth

darf ich mich \zu Ihnen setzen? may I sit next to [or beside] you?

setz dich \zu uns [come and] sit with us

legen Sie \zu den Tellern bitte jeweils eine Serviette put one serviette next to each plate

4. (wo: Lage) at; (geh)

sie ist schon \zu Bett she's already gone to bed

\zu Hause at home

\zu jds Rechten/Linken on sb's right/left [hand side]

jdm \zur Seite sitzen (geh) to sit at sb's side

5. (wo: vor Eigennamen, Ortnamen)

der Dom \zu Köln the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedral

der Graf \zu Blaubeuren the Count of Blaubeuren

der Gasthof \zum blauen Engel the Blue Angel Inn

der Reichstag \zu Worms (hist) the Diet of Worms

6. wann: Zeitpunkt at

\zum 1. Januar fällig due on January 1st

es muss [bis] zum Abend/14. März fertig sein it must be finished by this evening/March 14th

\zum Wochenende fahren wir weg we are going away at [or AM on] the weekend

\zu früher/später Stunde at an early/late hour

\zu Mittag at [or by] midday/noon

\zum Monatsende kündigen to give in one's notice for [or to take effect from] the end of the month

\zu Ostern/Pfingsten/Weihnachten at Easter/Whitsun/Christmas

letztes Jahr \zu Weihnachten last Christmas; s.a. Anfang, bis, Schluss, Zeit

7. (wann, wozu: Anlass)

eine Feier \zum Jahrestag der Revolution a celebration to mark the anniversary of the revolution

\zum Frühstück trinkt sie immer Tee she always has tea at breakfast

etw \zum Geburtstag/ \zu Weihnachten bekommen to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmas

jdm \zu etw gratulieren to congratulate sb on sth

\zu Ihrem 80. Geburtstag möchte ich Ihnen herzlichst gratulieren I'd like to congratulate you on the occasion of your 80th birthday

8. (worüber: Thema)

\zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen to this question I should like to say the following

was sagst du \zu diesen Preisen? what do you say to these prices?

eine Rede \zum Thema Umwelt a speech on the subject of the environment

jdn \zu etw vernehmen to question sb about sth

9. (wozu: Zweck, Ziel)

der Knopf \zum Abstellen the off-button

Papier \zum Schreiben paper to write on, writing paper

Wasser \zum Trinken drinking water

wir haben nichts \zum Essen we have nothing to eat

gib dem Kind doch etwas \zum Spielen give the child something to play with

auf die Reise habe ich mir etwas \zum Lesen mitgenommen I've brought something to read on the trip

bei dem Regenwetter habe ich keine Lust \zum Wandern I don't fancy walking if it is raining

das Zeichen \zum Aufbruch the signal to leave

\zum Arzt geboren sein to be born to be a doctor

sie sagte das nur \zu seiner Beruhigung she said that just to set his mind at rest

\zur Ansicht on approval

\zur Einsicht for inspection

\zur Einführung... by way of an introduction...

\zu seiner Entschuldigung/ \zur Erklärung in apology/explanation, by way of an apology/explanation

jdn \zum Essen einladen to invite sb for a meal

\zum Gedächtnis von jdm in memory of sb, in sb's memory

\zu Hilfe! help!

jdm \zu Hilfe kommen to come to sb's aid

\zum Lobe von jdm/etw in praise of sb/sth

\zu nichts taugen [o zu gebrauchen sein] to be no use at all

\zur Probe as a trial [or test]

\zur Unterschrift for signature [or signing]

\zu was (fam) for what, why

\zu was soll das gut sein? what do you need that for?, what is that for?

10. (als was)

er nahm sie \zur Frau he took her as his wife

etw \zur Antwort geben to say sth in reply

\zum Beispiel for example

\zur Belohnung as a reward

\zur Strafe as a punishment

▪ jdn/etw \zum Vorbild nehmen to take sb/sth as one's example, to model oneself on sb/sth

\zur Warnung as a warning

11. (womit zusammen: Begleitung)

mögen Sie Milch/Zucker \zum Kaffee? do you take your coffee white [or with milk]/with sugar?

\zu Lachs passt kein Rotwein red wine does not go with salmon

etw \zu etw tragen to wear sth with sth

12. (zu was: Zugehörigkeit)

\zu den Lehrbüchern gehören auch Kassetten there are cassettes to go with the text books

wo ist der Korken \zu der Flasche? where is the cork for this bottle?

mir fehlt nur der Schlüssel \zu dieser Tür I've only got to find the key to this door

13. (wie: Umstand, Art und Weise)

sie erledigt alles \zu meiner Zufriedenheit she does everything to my complete satisfaction

die Firma verkauft alles \zu niedrigsten Preisen the company sells everything at rock-bottom prices

du hast dich \zu deinem Vorteil verändert you've changed for the better

das ist ja \zum Lachen that's ridiculous [or really funny]

das ist \zum Weinen it's enough to make you want to cry [or weep]

\zu jds Bestem/Vorteil sein to be for one's own good/to one's advantage

\zu Deutsch (veraltend) in German

\zum Glück luckily

14. (wie: Fortbewegungsart)

\zu Fuß/Pferd on foot/horseback

\zu Fuß gehen Sie etwa 20 Minuten it will take you about 20 minutes on foot

\zu Schiff (veraltet) by ship [or sea

15. (zu was: Ergebnis eines Vorgangs)

\zu Asche verbrennen to burn to ashes

Eiweiß \zu Schnee schlagen to beat the egg white until stiff

Kartoffeln \zu einem Brei zerstampfen to mash potatoes

\zum Erliegen/Stehen kommen to come to rest/a halt

etw \zu Pulver zermahlen to grind sth [in]to powder

\zu etw werden to turn into [or become] sth

manch einer wird aus Armut \zum Dieb often it is poverty that turns sb into a thief

wieder \zu Staub werden to [re]turn to dust

16. (in welche Position)

er ist \zum Kapitän befördert worden he was promoted to captain

sie wurde \zur Vorsitzenden gewählt she was elected chairman

jdn \zu etw ernennen to nominate sb for sth

jdn/etw \zu etw machen to make sb/sth into sth

er machte sie \zu seiner Frau he made her his wife

17. (zu wem: Beziehung)

meine Beziehung \zu ihr my relationship with her

Liebe \zu jdm love for sb

aus Freundschaft \zu jdm because of one's friendship with sb

Vertrauen \zu jdm/etw trust in sb/sth

18. (wie: im Verhältnis zu) in relation [or proportion] to

im Verhältnis 1 \zu 4 MATH in the ratio of one to four

unsere Chancen stehen 50 \zu 50 our chances are fifty-fifty

im Vergleich \zu... in comparison with..., compared to...

19. SPORT

Bayern München gewann mit 5 \zu 1 Bayern Munich won five-one

das Fußballspiel ging unentschieden 0 \zu 0 aus the football match ended in a nil-nil draw

20. bei Mengenangaben

\zu drei Prozent at three percent

diese Äpfel habe ich \zu ein Euro das Stück gekauft I bought these apples for [or at] one euro each

sechs [Stück] \zu fünfzig Cent six for fifty cents

\zum halben Preis at half price

wir sind \zu fünft in den Urlaub gefahren five of us went on holiday together

sie kommen immer \zu zweit those two always come as a pair

der Pulli ist nur \zur Hälfte fertig the jumper is only half finished

hast du das Buch nur \zu einem Viertel gelesen? have you only read a quarter of the book?

\zum ersten Mal for the first time

\zum Ersten..., \zum Zweiten firstly..., secondly

\zum Ersten, \zum Zweiten, \zum Dritten (bei Auktionen) going once, going twice, sold

21. SCHWEIZ (in Wendungen)

\zur Hauptsache mainly

\zum Rechten schauen to look to the right

\zum Voraus in front of

\zum Vorn[e]herein from in front

II. ADVERB

1. (allzu) too

ich wäre \zu gern mitgefahren I would have loved to have gone along

\zu sehr too much

er hat sich nicht \zu sehr bemüht he didn't try too [or very] hard

2. (emph: zur Steigerung)

das ist ja \zu schön! that's marvellous!; (iron) that's just great! iron

das ist einfach \zu dumm! that's really too stupid!

3. nachgestellt (örtlich) towards

dem Ausgang \zu towards the exit

nach hinten/vorne \zu towards the back/front

4. (fam: weiter, los)

dann mal \zu! go ahead!, off we go

immer [o nur] \zu! go ahead!

schimpf nur \zu, es hilft doch nichts go on, scream, it won't do any good

mach \zu! hurry up!, get a move on!

lauf schon \zu, ich komme nach you go on [or go on ahead], I'll catch up

III. ADJEKTIV

1. meist präd (geschlossen) shut, closed

Tür \zu, es zieht! shut the door, there's a draught!

dreh den Wasserhahn \zu! turn the tap off!

[mach die] Augen \zu, ich hab da was für dich close your eyes, I've got sth for you

\zu haben [o sein] to be shut [or closed]

die Geschäfte haben [o sind] sonntags \zu stores are closed on Sundays

vor der \zunen Tür stehen (sl) to stand in front of the closed door

2. präd (fam: betrunken)

▪ \zu sein to be pissed fam!, to have had a skinful fam

3. präd (fam: emotional unzugänglich)

▪ \zu sein:

sie ist total \zu you can't get through to her

IV. KONJUNKTION

1. mit Infinitiv to

was gibt es heute Mittag \zu essen? what are we having for lunch today?

ohne es \zu wissen without knowing it

▪ jd hat etw \zu tun:

ich habe \zu arbeiten I have some work to do

sie hat \zu gehorchen she has to obey [or do as she is told]

ich habe heute einiges \zu erledigen I have got a few things to do today

▪ etw ist \zu tun:

die Rechnung ist bis Freitag \zu bezahlen the bill has to be paid by Friday

dieser Auftrag ist unverzüglich \zu erledigen this task must be completed straight away

▪ um etw \zu tun:

ich komme, um mich \zu verabschieden I have come to say goodbye

2. mit Partizip

da sind noch einige \zu bezahlende Rechnungen there are some outstanding bills

es gibt verschiedene noch \zu kaufende Gegenstände some things still have to be bought

der \zu Prüfende the candidate to be examined

nicht \zu unterschätzende Probleme problems [that are] not to be underestimated

* * *
1.
Präposition mit Dat

1) (Richtung) to

zu... hin — towards...

er kommt zu mir — (besucht mich) he is coming to my place

2) (zusammen mit) with

zu dem Käse gab es Wein — there was wine with the cheese

das passt nicht zu Bier/zu dem Kleid — that doesn't go with beer/with that dress

3) (Lage) at

zu beiden Seiten — on both sides

zu seiner Linken — (geh.) on his left

er kam zu dieser Tür herein — he came in by this door

der Dom zu Speyer — (veralt.) Speyer Cathedral

das Gasthaus ‘Zu den drei Eichen’ — the Three Oaks Inn

4) (zeitlich) at

zu Weihnachten — at Christmas

was schenkst du ihnen zu Weihnachten — what will you give them for Christmas?

er will zu Ostern verreisen — he wants to go away for Easter

zu dieser Stunde — at this time

5) (Art u. Weise)

zu meiner Zufriedenheit/Überraschung — to my satisfaction/surprise

zu seinem Vorteil/Nachteil — to his advantage/disadvantage; (bei Mengenangaben o. Ä)

zu Dutzenden/zweien — by the dozen/in twos

sie sind zu einem Drittel/zu 50 % arbeitslos — a third/50 % of them are jobless

zu einem großen Teil — largely; to a large extent

6) (ein Zahlenverhältnis ausdrückend)

ein Verhältnis von 3 zu 1 — a ratio of 3 to 1

das Ergebnis war 2 zu 1 — the result was 2-1 or 2 to 1

7) (einen Preis zuordnend) at; for

fünf Briefmarken zu fünfzig [Cent] — five 50-cent stamps

8) (eine Zahlenangabe zuordnend)

ein Fass zu zehn Litern — a ten-litre barrel

Portionen zu je einem Pfund — portions weighing a pound each

9) (Zweck) for

sie sagte das zu seiner Beruhigung — she said it to allay his fears

10) (Ziel, Ergebnis) into

zu etwas werden — turn into something

die Kartoffeln zu einem Brei zerstampfen — mash the potatoes into a puree

11) (über) about; on

sich zu etwas äußern — comment on something

zu welchem Thema spricht er? — what is he going to speak about?

was sagst du zu meinem Vorschlag? — what do you say to my proposal?

12) (gegenüber)

freundlich/ hässlich zu jemandem sein — be friendly/nasty to somebody; s. auch zum; zur
2.
Adverb

1) (allzu) too

zu sehr — too much

er ist zu alt, um diese Reise zu unternehmen — he is too old to undertake this journey

das ist ja zu schön/komisch! — that's really wonderful/hilarious!; that's too wonderful/hilarious for words!

2) nachgestellt (Richtung) towards

der Grenze zu — towards the border

3) (ugs.)

zu sein — be shut

der Laden ist zu — the shop has shut

Augen/Tür zu! — shut your eyes/the door!

4) (ugs.): (Aufforderung)

nur zu! — (fang/fangt an!) get going!; get down to it!; (mach/macht weiter!) get on with it!
3.
Konjunktion

1) (mit Infinitiv) to

du hast zu gehorchen — you must obey

was gibts da zu lachen? — what is there to laugh about?

das ist nicht zu glauben — it is unbelievable

Haus zu verkaufen/vermieten — house for sale/to let

2) (mit 1. Part.)

die zu gewinnenden Preise — the prizes to be won

die zu erledigende Post — the letters pl. to be dealt with

* * *

zu¹ präp (+dat)

1. räumlich, Richtung: to, toward(s);

bis zu up to;

zu jemandem gehen go and ( oder to) see sb;

zu Tal fahren, gleiten etc: downhill; → Boden 2, Kopf 2 etc

2. räumlich, Lage: at, in;

zu Berlin in ( amtlich: at) Berlin;

der Dom zu Köln Cologne Cathedral;

zu ebener Erde at ground level;

zu jemandes Füßen at sb’s feet;

zu Hause at home;

zu beiden Seiten des Rheins on both sides of the Rhine;

zu Wasser und zu Lande on land and at sea;

Gasthof zu den drei Eichen the Three Oaktrees (Inn)

3. zeitlich, Zeitpunkt: at; Zeitraum: over; Anlass: for;

noch zehn Minuten (bis) zu … another ten minutes before …;

zu Beginn at the beginning;

zu Weihnachten at Christmas; schenken etc: for Christmas; → Lebzeiten

4. (für) Zweck, Ziel: for;

zu etwas gut sein be good for sth;

Stoff zu einem Kleid material for a dress

5. Ergebnis ausdrückend: (in)to;

es kam zu einem Skandal it blew up into a scandal, a scandal resulted;

zu Asche verbrennen burn to ashes;

zu etwas werden turn into sth; Person: auch become sth;

zu meiner Freude/Überraschung to my delight/surprise

6. Beziehung ausdrückend: for; thematisch: about, on;

sich äußern zu say sth about;

gehören zu belong to;

gemein/nett zu nasty/nice to;

passen zu suit;

der Schlüssel zur Gartentür the key to the garden door;

Liebe/Zuneigung zu jemandem love/affection for sb;

aus Freundschaft zu ihr out of friendship for her

7. Zusammensein: (mit) with; (hinzu) to;

sich zu jemandem setzen sit with sb, join sb, sit (down) next to sb;

Brot zum Ei essen have bread with one’s egg;

Zucker zum Kaffee nehmen take sugar in one’s coffee;

zu alledem kommt noch hinzu, dass … and on top of all that …

8. Art und Weise:

zu Fuß on foot;

zu Pferd kommen come on horseback;

zu Deutsch in German

9. Menge, Zahl, Häufigkeit, Verhältnis etc: in;

nur zu einem kleinen Teil only to a small extent;

ein Potenzial, das nur zu einem kleinen Teil genutzt wird a potential only a small part of which is actually used;

zu zweit nebeneinandergehen walk along two by two;

sie kamen zu sechst six of them came;

zu hunderten oder

Hunderten in hundreds;

es ist zu 20%/einem Viertel falsch 20%/a quarter of it is incorrect;

ein Fass zu 50 Litern a 50-litre (US -er) barrel;

zehn Karten zu zwei Euro (à, je) ten tickets at two euros (a ticket); insgesamt: ten tickets for two euros

10. Zahlenverhältnis:

3 zu 1 three to one; SPORT bei Ergebnisangaben: three-one

11. Adelsprädikat:

Graf zu Pappenheim Count of Pappenheim; → Hilfe 1 etc, zum, zur

zu² adv

1. (übermäßig) too;

zu sehr too much;

zu sehr betonen overemphasize;

das Loch ist zu groß, als dass man es noch flicken könnte the hole is too big to be mended;

(viel) zu viel/viele (far oder much) too much/many;

einer etc

zu viel one etc too many;

einmal zu viel once too often;

ein gutes Gehalt wäre zu viel gesagt a good salary would be a bit of an overstatement;

ich krieg zu viel! umg well blow me down!;

was zu viel ist, ist zu viel! enough is enough!;

zu wenig not enough, too little (pl few);

viel zu wenig not nearly enough, far too little (pl few);

einer etc

zu wenig one etc short, one etc too few;

du isst zu wenig you don’t eat enough, you need to eat more

2. umg (sehr) too, so, terribly;

zu niedlich! how terribly sweet!;

das ist ja zu nett! (sehr nett) that’s really very nice!; iron (sehr gemein) how terribly nice (of you)!; (sehr ärgerlich) a fine thing, I must say!

3. umg:

immer oder

nur zu! go on!;

na, dann (mal) zu! OK, go ahead; beim Aufbruch: OK, let’s go, off we (bzw you) go then

4. Richtung:

nach Norden zu toward(s) the north; zeitlich:

auf oder

gegen … zu toward(s)

zu³

A. adj umg

1.

zu sein Fenster, Mund etc: be closed, be shut;

eine zu(n)e Tür etc a closed door etc

2.

zu sein (verstopft) Nase: be blocked; Ader, Straße, Zufahrt: be blocked

3.

zu sein (ausgebucht) Flug: be full

4.

zu sein (betrunken) be plastered, be pissed sl; (im Drogenrausch) be out of it

B. adv (Ggs offen) closed, shut;

Augen zu! close your eyes;

Tür zu! shut the door!

zu⁴ konj

1. (+inf):

ich habe zu arbeiten I’ve got work to do;

es ist nicht zu übersehen it can’t be overlooked;

gut zu gebrauchen sein be perfectly usable;

ich erinnere mich, ihn gesehen zu haben I remember seeing him; auch im Wort:

auszuhalten sein be bearable

2. (+ ppr):

ein sorgfältig zu erwägender Plan a plan requiring careful consideration; auch im Wort:

die auszuwechselnden Fahrzeugteile the parts to be exchanged

* * *
1.
Präposition mit Dat

1) (Richtung) to

zu... hin — towards...

er kommt zu mir — (besucht mich) he is coming to my place

2) (zusammen mit) with

zu dem Käse gab es Wein — there was wine with the cheese

das passt nicht zu Bier/zu dem Kleid — that doesn't go with beer/with that dress

3) (Lage) at

zu beiden Seiten — on both sides

zu seiner Linken — (geh.) on his left

er kam zu dieser Tür herein — he came in by this door

der Dom zu Speyer — (veralt.) Speyer Cathedral

das Gasthaus ‘Zu den drei Eichen’ — the Three Oaks Inn

4) (zeitlich) at

zu Weihnachten — at Christmas

was schenkst du ihnen zu Weihnachten — what will you give them for Christmas?

er will zu Ostern verreisen — he wants to go away for Easter

zu dieser Stunde — at this time

5) (Art u. Weise)

zu meiner Zufriedenheit/Überraschung — to my satisfaction/surprise

zu seinem Vorteil/Nachteil — to his advantage/disadvantage; (bei Mengenangaben o. Ä)

zu Dutzenden/zweien — by the dozen/in twos

sie sind zu einem Drittel/zu 50 % arbeitslos — a third/50 % of them are jobless

zu einem großen Teil — largely; to a large extent

6) (ein Zahlenverhältnis ausdrückend)

ein Verhältnis von 3 zu 1 — a ratio of 3 to 1

das Ergebnis war 2 zu 1 — the result was 2-1 or 2 to 1

7) (einen Preis zuordnend) at; for

fünf Briefmarken zu fünfzig [Cent] — five 50-cent stamps

8) (eine Zahlenangabe zuordnend)

ein Fass zu zehn Litern — a ten-litre barrel

Portionen zu je einem Pfund — portions weighing a pound each

9) (Zweck) for

sie sagte das zu seiner Beruhigung — she said it to allay his fears

10) (Ziel, Ergebnis) into

zu etwas werden — turn into something

die Kartoffeln zu einem Brei zerstampfen — mash the potatoes into a puree

11) (über) about; on

sich zu etwas äußern — comment on something

zu welchem Thema spricht er? — what is he going to speak about?

was sagst du zu meinem Vorschlag? — what do you say to my proposal?

12) (gegenüber)

freundlich/ hässlich zu jemandem sein — be friendly/nasty to somebody; s. auch zum; zur
2.
Adverb

1) (allzu) too

zu sehr — too much

er ist zu alt, um diese Reise zu unternehmen — he is too old to undertake this journey

das ist ja zu schön/komisch! — that's really wonderful/hilarious!; that's too wonderful/hilarious for words!

2) nachgestellt (Richtung) towards

der Grenze zu — towards the border

3) (ugs.)

zu sein — be shut

der Laden ist zu — the shop has shut

Augen/Tür zu! — shut your eyes/the door!

4) (ugs.): (Aufforderung)

nur zu! — (fang/fangt an!) get going!; get down to it!; (mach/macht weiter!) get on with it!
3.
Konjunktion

1) (mit Infinitiv) to

du hast zu gehorchen — you must obey

was gibts da zu lachen? — what is there to laugh about?

das ist nicht zu glauben — it is unbelievable

Haus zu verkaufen/vermieten — house for sale/to let

2) (mit 1. Part.)

die zu gewinnenden Preise — the prizes to be won

die zu erledigende Post — the letters pl. to be dealt with

* * *

adv.

too adv. konj.

for conj. präp.

at prep.

to prep.

toward prep.

towards prep.

unto prep.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > zu

10 fare

1. v/t do

vestito, dolce, errore make

biglietto, benzina buy, get

fare ( dello) sport play sport

fare il pieno fill up

fare un bagno have a bath

fare il conto al ristorante prepare the bill

fare il medico/l'insegnante be a doctor/teacher

non fa niente it doesn't matter

fare vedere qualcosa a qualcuno show something to someone

farcela manage

non ce la faccio più I can't take any more

2 più 2 fa 4 2 and 2 make(s) 4

quanto fa? how much is it?

far fare qualcosa a qualcuno get someone to do something

2. v/i: questo non fa per me this isn't for me

faccia pure! go ahead!, carry on!

qui fa bello/brutto the weather here is nice/awful

fa freddo/caldo it's cold/warm

* * *

fare v.tr.

1 ( in senso generale, astratto, morale, intellettuale e nel senso di agire) to do*: che cosa fai?, what are you doing?; avere molto da fare, to have a great deal to do (o to be kept hard at work); non avere nulla da fare, to have nothing to do; non fare nulla, to do nothing; che debbo fare ( di lui)?, what shall I do (with him)?; che fare ora?, what is to be done now?; che si doveva fare?, what was to be done? // che diavolo stai facendo?, what are you up to? (o what on earth are you doing?) // dovrai farne a meno, you'll have to do without (it) // detto fatto, no sooner said than done // ecco fatto!, that's done! // non fa altro che dormire, he does nothing but sleep // nulla da fare, (fam.) nothing doing // fare senza, to do without; fare alla meglio, to do carelessly // fare bene, to do properly (o to do well) // fare del proprio meglio, tutto il possibile, to do one's utmost (o one's best) // fare bene, male a qlcu., to do s.o. good, harm: questa medicina ti farà bene, this medicine will do you good; il vino mi fa male, wine doesn't agree with me; fare il giro dei locali notturni, to do the night-clubs // chi fa da sé fa per tre, (prov.) if you want a thing done well do it yourself // non fare agli altri quello che non vorresti fosse fatto a te, (prov.) do as you would be done by

2 ( prevalentemente nel senso di creare, produrre, fabbricare; realizzare) to make*: farei una camicetta con questa seta, I'd make a blouse out of this silk; fare un abito, una torta, to make a dress, a cake; fare il caffè, il tè, to make coffee, tea; il fornaio fa il pane, the baker makes bread; il vino si fa con l'uva, wine is made from grapes; è il parlamento che fa le leggi, laws are made by Parliament; ti farò una lista dei libri che mi occorrono, I'll make a list of the books I need; non far rumore, don't make a noise; fare i letti, to make the beds // fare amicizia, to make friends: farsi degli amici, dei nemici, to make friends, enemies; farsi un nemico di qlcu., to make an enemy of s.o. // fare un errore, to make a mistake // fare mistero di qlco., to make a mystery of sthg. // fare posto a qlcu., to make room for s.o. // fare il totale, to make up the total // 3 più 3 fa 6, 3 and 3 make 6 (o 3 and 3 are 6); 2 per 2 fa 4, twice 2 is 4

3 ( essere) ( come professione), to be: fare l'insegnante, il medico, la spia, to be a teacher, a doctor, a spy // fare parte del personale, to be a member of the staff

4 ( avere, possedere) to have: il villaggio fa duecento abitanti, the village has two hundred inhabitants

5 ( rifornirsi) to take* on: la nave fece acqua e carbone, the ship took on water and coal // (aut.) fare il pieno, to fill up

6 ( dire) to say*: 'Quando partite?', fece egli, 'When are you leaving?', he said // non fare motto, to utter not a word

7 ( eleggere, nominare) to make*, to elect, to appoint: lo fecero re, they made him king (o he was appointed king)

8 ( reputare) to repute; to think*: non lo facevo così sciocco, I did not think he was so silly

9 ( scrivere) to write*; ( dipingere) to paint: ha fatto un bel ritratto a mia sorella, he painted a beautiful portrait of my sister

10 ( indicare, segnare) to make*; to be: che ore fai?, what time do you make it?; che ora fa il tuo orologio?, what time is it by your watch?; questo orologio fa le cinque, it is five o' clock by this watch

11 (teatr.) ( rappresentare) to perform: questa settimana all'Odeon fanno l''Amleto', 'Hamlet' is being performed at the Odeon (o 'Hamlet' is on at the Odeon) this week

12 ( far la parte di) to act (as); (teatr.) to play (as); ( fingere) to feign: mi fa da governante, she acts as my housekeeper; quell'attore nell''Otello' farà la parte di Jago, that actor is going to play Iago in 'Othello'; fare l'ignorante, to feign ignorance; fare il morto, (fig.) to feign death

13 ( praticare) to go* in for; ( giocare) to play: fare della bicicletta, dello sport, dell'automobilismo, della politica, to go in for cycling, sport, motoring, politics; fare del tennis, to play tennis; fare del nuoto, to swim // fare del teatro, del cinema, to be an actor, a cinema-actor // fare un po' di musica, to play some music

14 ( pulire) to clean: fare una stanza, to clean a room (o fam. to do a room); fare i piatti, to wash up

15 ( generare) to bear*; to have: quella cagna il mese scorso ha fatto tre cuccioli, that bitch had three puppies last month

16 ( trasformare) to turn into: puoi farci un grembiule, you can turn it into an apron

17 ( percorrere) to go*: fare dieci chilometri a piedi, a cavallo, to walk, to ride ten kilometres; fare sessanta chilometri all'ora, to drive at sixty kilometres an hour; fare quattro passi per un sentiero, to go for (o to take) a stroll along a path; abbiamo fatto 3000 km in due giorni, we covered (o did) 3000 km in two days

18 ( passare, trascorrere) to spend*: dove hai fatto le vacanze?, where did you spend your holidays?; fece dieci anni di prigione, he did ten years in prison

19 ( in sostituzione del verbo usato nella proposizione reggente) to do*: spese il suo denaro meglio di quel che avrei fatto io, he spent his money better than I would have done; lui se ne è andato e così ho fatto io, he went away and so did I

20 ( con valore causativo seguito da infinito) to have, to get*; ( causare) to cause; to make*; ( lasciare, permettere) to let*: fa' venire l'idraulico, get the plumber to come; devo far aggiustare l'auto, I must have the car repaired; fallo smettere!, make him stop!; fatti (fare) un nuovo abito!, have a new suit made!; il tuo ritardo mi fece perdere il treno, your being late caused me to miss the train; far fare qlco., to have (o to get) sthg. done; fare partire una macchina, to start a machine; fare aspettare qlcu., to keep s.o. waiting; fare sapere a qlcu., to let s.o. know (o to inform s.o.); fare uscire, entrare, to let s.o. out, in; fare vedere qlco. a qlcu., to let s.o. see sthg. (o to show s.o. sthg.) // fare chiamare qlcu., to send for s.o. // fare notare a qlcu., to point out to s.o. // fare osservare qlco. a qlcu., to call s.o.'s attention to sthg. // far pagare, to charge: far pagare troppo, poco, to overcharge, to undercharge // far salire i prezzi, to raise prices.

◆ v. intr.

1 impers. ( di condizioni atmosferiche): che tempo fa?, what is the weather like?; fa brutto tempo, bel tempo, it is bad weather, fine weather; fa caldo, caldissimo, molto freddo, it is warm, hot, very cold

2 ( essere adatto) to suit: questa casa non fa per me, this house doesn't suit me

3 ( seguito da consecutive): fare in modo di, to try to (do); fate che non vi veda, don't let him see you; fate in modo di non farvi vedere, take care not to be seen // fare sì che, fare in modo che, to arrange, to make sure, to get, to make*: fece sì che tutti fossero d'accordo con lui, he got everyone to agree with him; hanno fatto in modo che tutti fossero soddisfatti, they made sure everybody was happy; fecero sì che io lo incontrassi, they arranged (o made arrangements) for me to meet him

4 ( stare per) to be about: fece per entrare quando..., he was about to enter, when...

5 fare in tempo a, to manage to (do): ce la fece appena a prendere il treno, he just managed (o he was just in time) to catch his train.

◘ farsi v.rifl. o intr.pron.

1 ( diventare) to become*; ( gradualmente) to grow*: si è fatto un bel giovane, he has become a handsome young man; si sono fatti più gentili, they have become more amiable; ti sei fatto molto alto, you have grown (o become) very tall; fare cattolico, to turn Catholic (o to become a Roman Catholic) // fare bello, ( vantarsi) to boast

2 ( moto) to come*; to get*: su, fatevi in là!, get out of my way, please!; fare avanti, to go forward, (fig.) to thrust oneself forward

3 ( seguito da infinito) to make* oneself; to get*: fare amare, capire, odiare, to make oneself loved, understood, hated; fatti aiutare da qualcuno, get someone to help you; fare notare, to attract attention, ( di proposito) to make oneself conspicuous

4 impers. ( di tempo e di condizioni atmosferiche) to get*; to grow*: si fa buio, it is getting dark; si fa tardi, it is growing late

5 (sl.) ( drogarsi) to shoot* up; to take* drugs.

fare s.m.

1 doing, making // dal dire al fare c'è di mezzo il mare, there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip

2 ( modi, maniere) manner; way; ( comportamento) behaviour: il suo fare modesto, his modest manner; ha un brutto ( modo di) fare, he has an unpleasant manner; ha un fare molto simpatico, he has winning ways (o he has a pleasant manner); non mi piace il suo fare, I don't like his manners

3 ( inizio) sul fare del giorno, at daybreak (o dawn); sul fare della notte, at nightfall.

* * *

1. ['fare]
vb irreg vt
1) (fabbricare: gen) to make, (casa) to build, (quadro) to paint, (disegno) to draw, (pasto) to cook, (pane, dolci) to bake, (assegno) to make out

fanno la stessa classe — they are in the same year

fare un corso — (tenere) to give a series of lessons, teach a course, (seguire) to do a course

che cosa ne hai fatto di quei pantaloni? — what have you done with those trousers?

fare un errore — to make a mistake

ha fatto la mia felicità — he made me so happy

fare una festa — to have o hold a party

ha fatto un figlio — she's had a baby

quest'albero non fa frutti — this tree doesn't bear fruit

hai fatto il letto? — have you made the bed?

lo hanno fatto presidente — they made him president

fare una promessa — to make a promise

hai fatto la stanza? — have you cleaned the room?

2) (attività: gen) to do, (vacanza, sogno) to have

a scuola facciamo chimica — at school we do chemistry

fare i compiti — to do one's homework

cosa fai? — (adesso) what are you doing?, (nella vita) what do you do?, what is your job?

non posso farci nulla — I can't do anything about it

fare la spesa — to do the shopping

fare del tennis — to play tennis

3) (funzione) to be, Teatro to play, be, act

fare l' avvocato — to be a lawyer

fare finta di essere stanco — to pretend to be tired

fare l' innocente — to act the innocent

fare il malato — to pretend to be ill

fare il medico — to be a doctor

fare il morto — (in acqua) to float

nel film fa il padre — in the film he plays the father

4) (percorrere) to do

fare i 100 metri — (competere) to go in for o run in the 100 metres

fa i 100 metri in 10,5 — he does the 100 metres in 10.5

abbiamo fatto 5 chilometri — we've done 5 kilometres

fare una passeggiata — to go for o take a walk

fare un viaggio — to go on a trip, make a journey

5)

(suscitare: sentimenti) fa niente — it doesn't matter

mi fa orrore — it horrifies me

fare paura a — to frighten

mi fa rabbia — it makes me angry

6)

(considerare) ti facevo più intelligente — I thought you had more sense

ti facevo al mare — I thought you were at the seaside

lo facevo più vecchio — I thought he was older

7)

(ammontare) due più due fa quattro — two plus two make(s) o equal(s) four

la città non fa più di 2 milioni di abitanti — the city hasn't more than 2 million inhabitants

che differenza fa? — what difference does it make?

fa 50 euro, signora — that'll be 50 euros, madam

glielo faccio 100 euro — I'll give it to you o I'll let you have it for 100 euros

che ora fa il tuo orologio? — what time is it by your watch?

8)

(+ infinito) le faremo avere la merce — we'll get the goods to you

l'hanno fatto entrare in macchina — (costringere) they forced him into the car, they made him get into the car, (lasciare) they let him get into the car

lo farò fare a lei — I'll get her to do it, I'll have her do it

farsi fregare — to be taken for a ride

far piangere qn — to make sb cry

far riparare la macchina — to have one's car repaired

far scongelare — to defrost, thaw out

far soffrire qn — to make sb suffer

mi son fatto tagliare i capelli — I've had my hair cut

fammi vedere — let me see

fare venire qn — to send for sb

9)

farsi; farsi la barba — to have a shave

farsi la barca — to get a boat

farsi una gonna — to make o.s. a skirt

farsi la macchina — to get a car

si fa da mangiare da solo — he does his own cooking

si è fatto mia moglie fam — he's had it off with my wife

farsi un nome — to make a name for o.s.

10)

(fraseologia) farla a qn — to get the better of sb

me l'hanno fatta! — (imbrogliare) I've been done!, (derubare) I've been robbed!, (lasciare nei guai) I've been lumbered!

farcela — to succeed, manage

ne ha fatta una delle sue — he's done it again

non ce la faccio più — (a camminare) I can't go on, (a sopportare) I can't take any more

ce la facciamo? — do you think we'll make it?

farla finita con qc — to have done with sth

fare del proprio meglio — to do one's best

non c'è niente da fare — it's no use

ormai è stato deciso e non c'è niente da fare — it's been decided and there's nothing we can do about it

ha fatto di sì con la testa — he nodded

2. vi (aus avere)

1) (agire) to do

fare presto — to be quick

faccia pure! — go ahead!

saperci fare con — (situazioni, persone) to know how to deal with

ci sa fare coi bambini/con le macchine — he's good with children/cars

ci sa fare con le donne — he's a smooth operator with women

ci sa fare — he's quite good

fate come volete — do as you please

2)

(dire) "davvero?" fece — "really?" he said

3)

questo non si fa — it's not done, you (just) can't do that

si fa così! — you do it like this, this is the way it's done

non si fa così — (rimprovero) that's no way to behave!

questa festa non si farà! — this party won't take place!

4)

(fraseologia) fa proprio al caso nostro — it's just what we need

avere a che fare con qn — to have sth to do with sb

non so che farmene di lui — I don't know what to do with him

fare da — (funzioni) to act as

fare da padre a qn — to be like a father to sb

la cucina fa anche da sala da pranzo — the kitchen also serves as o is also used as a dining room

fai in modo che non ti vedano — make sure they don't see you

fare per — (essere adatto) to be suitable for, (essere sul punto di) to be about to

fece per uscire e poi si fermò — he made as if to go out and then stopped

non fa per me — it isn't (suitable) for me

fare a pugni — to come to blows, fig to clash

fare in tempo a... — to be in time to...

il grigio fa vecchio — grey makes you o one look older

3. vb impers

fa caldo — it's hot

fa freddo — it's cold

fa notte — it's getting dark

4. vr (farsi)

1)

(rendersi) farsi amico di qn — to make friends with sb

è andata a farsi bella — she's gone to make herself beautiful

farsi notare — to get o.s. noticed

farsi prete — to become a priest

2)

(spostarsi) farsi avanti — to move forward, fig to come forward

fatti più in là! — move along a bit!

3) (gergo: drogarsi) to do drugs

5. vip (farsi)

(divenire) to become

farsi bello — to grow beautiful

farsi grande — to grow tall

si fa notte — it's getting dark

farsi vecchio — to grow old

6. sm

con fare distratto — absent-mindedly

ha un fare simpatico — he has a pleasant manner

sul far del giorno/della notte — at daybreak/nightfall

* * *
I 1. ['fare]
verbo transitivo

1) (in senso generico e astratto) to do*

non avere niente da fare — to have nothing to do

che cosa posso fare per te? — what can I do for you?

che cosa dobbiamo fare con te! — what are we to do with you!

2) (preparare, fabbricare, creare) to make* [torta, tè, vino, vestito, mobile, pezzi di ricambio, film]

fare del pollo — to cook some chicken

che cosa faccio per pranzo? — what shall I cook for lunch?

3) (produrre, provocare) to make* [macchia, buco, rumore]

4) (dare come risultato)

tre più due fa cinque — three and two make five

quanto fa 3 per 3? — what's 3 times 3?

9 meno 7 fa 2 — 9 minus 7 leaves 2

5) (redigere, scrivere) to do* [traduzione, tesi]; (emanare) to make* [ legge]

6) (come professione, mestiere)

che lavoro fai? — what's your job?

cosa fai (di mestiere)? — what do you do (for a living)?

fare il medico, l'insegnante — to be a doctor, a teacher; (come sport, hobby) to do* [aerobica, giardinaggio]

7) (a scuola) to do*, to study [materia, facoltà, testo, autore]; to do* [ corso]

fare (la) prima — to be in the first year

8) (trascorrere) to spend* [ vacanze]

fare tre mesi di prigione — to do three months in prison

hai fatto buon viaggio? — did you have a pleasant journey?

9) (rifornirsi di)

fare benzina — to get some petrol

fare legna — to gather wood

10) (percorrere) to do* [tragitto, chilometri]

fare l'autostrada — to take the motorway

11) (avere) to have* [infarto, orecchioni, otite]

12) (provocare, causare)

fare del bene, del male a qcn. — to do sb. good, harm

la pastiglia non mi ha fatto niente — the tablet didn't do anything

non ti farò niente — I won't do anything to you

Signore, fa' che non gli succeda niente — may God protect him!

13) (far diventare) to make*

fare felice qcn. — to make sb. happy

fare qcn. presidente — to make sb. president

14) (considerare)

ti facevo più intelligente — I thought you were cleverer

15) (fingersi)

fare il malato, il coraggioso — to pretend to be ill, brave

16) (interpretare) [ attore] to play [parte, ruolo]

17) (seguito da infinito) (con valore causativo)

fare piangere qcn. — to make sb. cry

fare perdere qcs. a qcn. — to make sb. lose sth.; (permettere, lasciare)

fare andare qcn. — to let sb. go; (convincere)

gli ho fatto prendere un appuntamento — I got him to make an appointment

18) (riferito all'ora)

che ora fai? — what time do you make it o have you got?

faccio le due — I make it two o'clock

che ora fa l'orologio? — what time does the clock say?

19) (costare)

quanto fa? — how much is it?

fa o fanno 5 euro — it's 5 euros

20) (partorire) [donna, animale] to have* [bambino, cuccioli]

21) (dire)

"certo" fece lei — "of course" she said

poi fa "e i miei soldi?" — colloq. so he goes "what about my money?"

il gatto fa "miao" — the cat goes "miaow"
2.
verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)

1) (agire, procedere) to do*

non ho potuto fare altrimenti — I couldn't do otherwise

fai come vuoi — do as you like

facciamo alle sei — let's make it six o'clock

2) (essere adatto)

questo è il posto che fa per me — this is the place for me

vivere a Londra non fa per me — living in London is not for me

3) fare per (essere in procinto di)

fare per andarsene — to be about to leave; (fare l'atto di)

fece per baciarlo — she made as if to kiss him

4) fare da (fungere da) [ persona] to act as; (servire da) [ cosa] to function o act o serve as

5) (essere espresso in una certa forma)

come fa la canzone? — how does the song go?

6) (riuscire)

come fai a leggere quella robaccia? — how can you read that junk?

"come si fa?" - "così" — "how do I do it?" - "like this"

come faccio a saperlo? — how should I know?

7) farcela

ce l'ho fatta! — I made it!

ce la fai a finirlo? — can you manage to finish it?

non ce la faccio più! — I've had it! I can't take any more!
3.
verbo impersonale

1) (riferito a tempo atmosferico o condizioni di luce)

fa freddo — it's cold

fa buio — it's getting o growing dark

2) (riferito a durata)

oggi fanno sei anni che è partito — it's six years today since he left
4.
verbo pronominale farsi

1) (preparare, fabbricare, creare per sé) to make* oneself [caffè, vestito]

- rsi da mangiare — to do one's own cooking

2) (concedersi) to have* [birra, pizza, chiacchierata]

3) (procurar si)

-rsi degli amici, dei nemici — to make friends, enemies; colloq. (comprarsi) to get* oneself [macchina, moto]

4) pop. (possedere sessualmente) to have*, to make* (out with) [ persona]

5) gerg. (drogarsi) to get* stoned (di on), to do* drugs

6) (diventare)

-rsi suora, cristiano — to become a nun, a Christian

si è fatta bella — she's grown up a beauty

il cielo si fece grigio — the sky went o turned grey

si fa tardi — it's getting late

7) (per indicare movimento)

-rsi avanti, indietro — to come forward, to stand back

- rsi in là — to budge over o up

8) (formarsi) to form [idea, immagine]

9) (seguito da infinito)

- rsi sentire — to make oneself heard

- rsi tagliare i capelli — to have o get one's hair cut

- rsi operare — to have surgery

10) (sottoporsi a) to have* [lifting, permanente]

11) (procurarsi)

- rsi un bernoccolo — to get a bump

- rsi un livido su un braccio — to bruise one's arm

12) (reciprocamente)

-rsi carezze, dispetti — to caress each other, to play tricks on each other

13) farsela (intendersela) to jack around AE ( con with); (in una relazione amorosa) to run* around ( con with)

••

avere a che fare — to have to do ( con with)

non avere niente a che fare — to have nothing to do ( con with)

avere da fare — to be busy, to have things to do

(non) fa niente! — it doesn't matter, never mind!

a me non la si fa! — = I wasn't born yesterday!

farsela addosso — (urinare) to wet oneself; (defecare) to shit oneself pop.; (dalla paura) to be scared shitless pop., to shit bricks pop., to brick it

farsela sotto — (dalla paura) to be scared shitless, to shit bricks, to brick it

che cosa vuoi che ci faccia? che cosa ci posso fare io? what do you want me to do about it? non ci si può fare nulla it can't be helped; non ci posso fare niente se... I can't help it if...; non so che farmene di... — I have no need for
II ['fare]
sostantivo maschile

1) (comportamento) manner, behaviour BE, behavior AE

avere un fare gentile — to have a kind manner

2) (inizio)

sul fare del giorno, della notte — at daybreak, nightfall

* * *

fare¹

/'fare/ [8]

I verbo transitivo

1 (in senso generico e astratto) to do*; non avere niente da fare to have nothing to do; che cosa posso fare per te? what can I do for you? che cosa dobbiamo fare con te! what are we to do with you!

2 (preparare, fabbricare, creare) to make* [torta, tè, vino, vestito, mobile, pezzi di ricambio, film]; fare del pollo to cook some chicken; che cosa faccio per pranzo? what shall I cook for lunch?

3 (produrre, provocare) to make* [macchia, buco, rumore]

4 (dare come risultato) tre più due fa cinque three and two make five; quanto fa 3 per 3? what's 3 times 3? 9 meno 7 fa 2 9 minus 7 leaves 2

5 (redigere, scrivere) to do* [traduzione, tesi]; (emanare) to make* [ legge]

6 (come professione, mestiere) che lavoro fai? what's your job? cosa fai (di mestiere)? what do you do (for a living)? fare il medico, l'insegnante to be a doctor, a teacher; (come sport, hobby) to do* [aerobica, giardinaggio]

7 (a scuola) to do*, to study [materia, facoltà, testo, autore]; to do* [ corso]; fare (la) prima to be in the first year

8 (trascorrere) to spend* [ vacanze]; fare tre mesi di prigione to do three months in prison; hai fatto buon viaggio? did you have a pleasant journey?

9 (rifornirsi di) fare benzina to get some petrol; fare legna to gather wood

10 (percorrere) to do* [tragitto, chilometri]; fare l'autostrada to take the motorway

11 (avere) to have* [infarto, orecchioni, otite]

12 (provocare, causare) fare del bene, del male a qcn. to do sb. good, harm; la pastiglia non mi ha fatto niente the tablet didn't do anything; non ti farò niente I won't do anything to you; Signore, fa' che non gli succeda niente may God protect him!

13 (far diventare) to make*; fare felice qcn. to make sb. happy; fare qcn. presidente to make sb. president

14 (considerare) ti facevo più intelligente I thought you were cleverer

15 (fingersi) fare il malato, il coraggioso to pretend to be ill, brave

16 (interpretare) [ attore] to play [parte, ruolo]

17 (seguito da infinito) (con valore causativo) fare piangere qcn. to make sb. cry; fare perdere qcs. a qcn. to make sb. lose sth.; (permettere, lasciare) fare andare qcn. to let sb. go; (convincere) gli ho fatto prendere un appuntamento I got him to make an appointment

18 (riferito all'ora) che ora fai? what time do you make it o have you got? faccio le due I make it two o'clock; che ora fa l'orologio? what time does the clock say?

19 (costare) quanto fa? how much is it? fa o fanno 5 euro it's 5 euros

20 (partorire) [donna, animale] to have* [bambino, cuccioli]

21 (dire) "certo" fece lei "of course" she said; poi fa "e i miei soldi?" colloq. so he goes "what about my money?"; il gatto fa "miao" the cat goes "miaow"

II verbo intransitivo

(aus. avere)

1 (agire, procedere) to do*; non ho potuto fare altrimenti I couldn't do otherwise; fai come vuoi do as you like; facciamo alle sei let's make it six o'clock

2 (essere adatto) questo è il posto che fa per me this is the place for me; vivere a Londra non fa per me living in London is not for me

3 fare per (essere in procinto di) fare per andarsene to be about to leave; (fare l'atto di) fece per baciarlo she made as if to kiss him

4 fare da (fungere da) [ persona] to act as; (servire da) [ cosa] to function o act o serve as

5 (essere espresso in una certa forma) come fa la canzone? how does the song go?

6 (riuscire) come fai a leggere quella robaccia? how can you read that junk? "come si fa?" - "così" "how do I do it?" - "like this"; come faccio a saperlo? how should I know?

7 farcela ce l'ho fatta! I made it! ce la fai a finirlo? can you manage to finish it? non ce la faccio più! I've had it! I can't take any more!

III verbo impersonale

1 (riferito a tempo atmosferico o condizioni di luce) fa freddo it's cold; fa buio it's getting o growing dark

2 (riferito a durata) oggi fanno sei anni che è partito it's six years today since he left

IV farsi verbo pronominale

1 (preparare, fabbricare, creare per sé) to make* oneself [caffè, vestito]; - rsi da mangiare to do one's own cooking

2 (concedersi) to have* [birra, pizza, chiacchierata]

3 (procurar si) -rsi degli amici, dei nemici to make friends, enemies; colloq. (comprarsi) to get* oneself [macchina, moto]

4 pop. (possedere sessualmente) to have*, to make* (out with) [ persona]

5 gerg. (drogarsi) to get* stoned (di on), to do* drugs

6 (diventare) -rsi suora, cristiano to become a nun, a Christian; si è fatta bella she's grown up a beauty; il cielo si fece grigio the sky went o turned grey; si fa tardi it's getting late

7 (per indicare movimento) -rsi avanti, indietro to come forward, to stand back; - rsi in là to budge over o up

8 (formarsi) to form [idea, immagine]

9 (seguito da infinito) - rsi sentire to make oneself heard; - rsi tagliare i capelli to have o get one's hair cut; - rsi operare to have surgery

10 (sottoporsi a) to have* [lifting, permanente]

11 (procurarsi) - rsi un bernoccolo to get a bump; - rsi un livido su un braccio to bruise one's arm

12 (reciprocamente) -rsi carezze, dispetti to caress each other, to play tricks on each other

13 farsela (intendersela) to jack around AE ( con with); (in una relazione amorosa) to run* around ( con with)

IDIOMS

avere a che fare to have to do ( con with); non avere niente a che fare to have nothing to do ( con with); avere da fare to be busy, to have things to do; (non) fa niente! it doesn't matter, never mind! a me non la si fa! = I wasn't born yesterday! farsela addosso (urinare) to wet oneself; (defecare) to shit oneself pop.; (dalla paura) to be scared shitless pop., to shit bricks pop., to brick it; farsela sotto (dalla paura) to be scared shitless, to shit bricks, to brick it; che cosa vuoi che ci faccia? che cosa ci posso fare io? what do you want me to do about it? non ci si può fare nulla it can't be helped; non ci posso fare niente se... I can't help it if...; non so che farmene di... I have no need for...

\

See also notes... (fare.pdf)

————————

fare²

/'fare/

sostantivo m.

1 (comportamento) manner, behaviour BE, behavior AE; avere un fare gentile to have a kind manner

2 (inizio) sul fare del giorno, della notte at daybreak, nightfall.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > fare

11 springen

n; -s, kein Pl. jumping; (Stabhochsprung) pole-vaulting; Schwimmsport: diving; (Fallschirmspringen) (parachute) jumping

* * *

to dive; to crack; to spring; to vault; to burst; to leap; to bounce; to jump

* * *
Sprịn|gen
nt -s, - (SPORT)
jumping; (= Stabhochspringen) vaulting; (WASSERSPORT) diving
* * *

1) (to (cause to) spring or jump back from a solid surface.) bounce

2) (to move in this way: The dog bounded over eagerly to where I was sitting.) bound

3) (to jump: He hopped (over) the fence and ran away; He hopped out of bed.) hop

4) (to rise; to move quickly (upwards): She jumped to her feet; He jumped into the car.) jump

5) (to jump: He leapt into the boat.) leap

6) (to run with long steps.) lope

7) (to jump, leap or move swiftly (usually upwards): She sprang into the boat.) spring

* * *

Sprin·gen

<-s>

[ˈʃprɪŋən]

nt kein pl SPORT jumping no pl; (ins Wasser) diving no pl

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) mit sein jump; (mit Schwung) leap; spring; jump; <frog, flea> hop, jump

vom Fünfmeterbrett springen — dive from the five-metre board

jemandem an die Kehle springen — leap at somebody's throat

auf die Beine od. Füße springen — jump to one's feet

2) meist mit sein (Sport) jump; (beim Stabhochsprung, beim Kasten, Pferd) vault; (beim Turmspringen, Kunstspringen) dive

3) mit sein (sich in Sprüngen fortbewegen) bound

4) (ugs.) in

eine Runde Bier springen lassen — stand a round of beer

er könnte ruhig mal was springen lassen — he could easily fork out something just once in a while (coll.)

5) mit sein (fig.): (schnellen, hüpfen, fliegen) <pointer, milometer, etc.> jump (auf + Akk. to); < traffic lights> change (auf + Akk. to); < spark> leap; < ball> bounce; < spring> jump out

[von etwas] springen — <fan belt, bicycle-chain, button, tyre, etc.> come off [something]

6) mit sein <string, glass, porcelain, etc.> break; (Risse, Sprünge bekommen) crack

gesprungene Lippen — cracked or chapped lips
2.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb; auch mit sein (Sport) perform <somersault, twist dive, etc.>

5,20 m/einen neuen Rekord springen — jump 5.20m/make a record jump

* * *

springen; springt, sprang, ist oder hat gesprungen

A. v/i (ist)

1. jump (auch Reitsport, Skisport etc); weit: leap; hüpfend: hop, skip; Raubtier, beim Fang: pounce; Stabhochsprung: vault; Schwimmsport: dive; Brettspiel: jump;

vom Pferd springen jump ( oder leap) off one’s horse;

vom fahrenden Zug springen jump off a moving train;

zur Seite springen jump out of the way;

jemandem an den Hals springen go for sb ( oder sb’s throat)

2. Ball etc: bounce;

springen von … Knopf: come off …;

aus den Gleisen springen jump the rails;

die Ampel sprang auf Gelb the traffic lights suddenly changed to amber (US yellow)

3. Wasser, Blut: spurt

4. besonders südd umg (rennen) run, dash;

spring mal geschwind zum Bäcker! could you dash (Br auch nip) down to the baker’s (US bakery)?

5. (eilfertig zu Diensten sein) jump to one’s feet;

andere für sich springen lassen get other people to wait on one ( oder run one’s errands);

jemanden für sich springen lassen have sb at one’s beck and call;

sie braucht nur zu winken, dann springt er schon she only has to bend her little finger and he jumps to attention

6. (für jemanden einspringen) act as stand-in;

ich bin gesprungen/musste springen, weil er im Urlaub ist I’m standing in/I had to stand in ( oder take over) because he’s on holiday (US vacation)

7. (zerspringen) crack; Saite: break;

in tausend Stücke springen be smashed to smithereens;

die Tasse ist gesprungen the cup is cracked

8. (Gedankensprünge machen) jump (about oder around);

von einem Thema zum anderen springen jump ( oder switch) from one subject to another

9. umg, fig:

springen lassen (Geld) fork out, cough up;

etwas springen lassen be generous;

etwas für jemanden springen lassen treat sb to sth

B. v/t (hat oder ist) (Weite) jump;

einen Rekord springen make a record jump;

einen Salto springen do ( oder turn) a somersault; → Auge 1, gesprungen, Klinge, Punkt 6, Stück 1

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb

1) mit sein jump; (mit Schwung) leap; spring; jump; <frog, flea> hop, jump

vom Fünfmeterbrett springen — dive from the five-metre board

jemandem an die Kehle springen — leap at somebody's throat

auf die Beine od. Füße springen — jump to one's feet

2) meist mit sein (Sport) jump; (beim Stabhochsprung, beim Kasten, Pferd) vault; (beim Turmspringen, Kunstspringen) dive

3) mit sein (sich in Sprüngen fortbewegen) bound

4) (ugs.) in

eine Runde Bier springen lassen — stand a round of beer

er könnte ruhig mal was springen lassen — he could easily fork out something just once in a while (coll.)

5) mit sein (fig.): (schnellen, hüpfen, fliegen) <pointer, milometer, etc.> jump (auf + Akk. to); < traffic lights> change (auf + Akk. to); < spark> leap; < ball> bounce; < spring> jump out

[von etwas] springen — <fan belt, bicycle-chain, button, tyre, etc.> come off [something]

6) mit sein <string, glass, porcelain, etc.> break; (Risse, Sprünge bekommen) crack

gesprungene Lippen — cracked or chapped lips
2.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb; auch mit sein (Sport) perform <somersault, twist dive, etc.>

5,20 m/einen neuen Rekord springen — jump 5.20m/make a record jump

* * *

v.

to branch v.

to skip v.

to spring v.

(§ p.,p.p.: sprang)

or p.p.: sprung•)

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > springen

12 gå

4

идти́, ходи́ть; отправля́ться

tóget går (klókken seks) — по́езд отхо́дит (в шесть часо́в)

úret går — часы́ иду́т

gå på besǿg — ходи́ть в го́сти

hvordán går det dig [Dem]? — как твои́ [ва́ши] дела́?, как пожива́ете?

det går godt — (дела́ иду́т) хорошо́!

gå i skóle — ходи́ть в шко́лу

gå på árbejde — ходи́ть на рабо́ту

gå (en)tur — прогуля́ться, соверши́ть прогу́лку

* * *

elapse, extend, go, march, on, play, reach, roll, run, strike, tread, walk

* * *

vb (gik, gået) go;

( gå på sine ben) walk;

( om tid) go, pass, go by;

( spilles, opføres) be on ( fx there is a good film on at the Palladium), run ( fx the play ran for six months; is that film still running?),

(mere F) be played, be performed;

( sælges) sell, be sold;

(gram.: bøjes) go, be inflected;

( være passende) do;

( rækkes fra hånd til hånd) go round, pass;

( gå i stykker) go, break;

( trække sig tilbage fra embede) go,

( gå på pension) retire,

( træde tilbage fra højere post, og om regering) resign;

(om maskineri etc) run ( fx the engine is running smoothly; the drawer

( skuffen) runs smoothly; the machine runs by electricity);

( om tog) run ( fx the trains did not run on Sundays),

( afgå) leave, go ( fx when does the train leave (el. go)? it leaves

(el. goes) at 10);

[ de går, han (, hun) går]

(teat) exeunt, exit,

( i nyere stykker oftest) they go (, he, she goes) (off stage);

[ døren gik] the door opened and shut; somebody came in (, went out);

[ møllen går] the mill is turning;

[ radioen går hele dagen] the radio is on all day;

[ snakken gik] the conversation was in full swing,

(dvs sladderen) people were talking;

[ snakken gik livligt] the conversation was animated;

[ der er gået tre trumfer] three trumps are out (el. have gone);

(se også dans, rygte, tur, ur etc);

[ med adv, pron etc:]

[ blive gået]

(dvs afskediget) be retired;

[ det gik helt anderledes] it turned out quite differently;

[ det er gået dårligt for mig] things have gone badly with me, I have had bad luck;

[ det gik dårligt med ham]

(mht helbred) he was in a bad way;

[ det gik dårligt med foretagendet] the enterprise did not succeed;

[ gå fri] escape,

( få lov at slippe) be let off;

[ uret går godt] the watch keeps good time;

[ det går godt med ham, det går ham rigtig godt] he is doing well;

[ forretningen går godt] the business is thriving;

[ hvordan går det ( med helbredet)?] how are you?

T how is it going? how goes it?

(se også ndf: gå med);

[ hvordan det end går] whatever happens;

[ den går ikke] that won't do,

(= du kan tro nej!) no you don't! nothing doing! I'm not having any!

[ lad gå!] all right! let it pass!

[ jeg vil lade det gå for denne gang] I'll overlook it this time;

[ lade ham gå]

(dvs sætte fri) let him go;

(dvs lade i fred) leave him alone;

[ det går meget let] that is very easy;

[ sådan gik det i tre år] things went on like that for three years;

[ sådan går det her i verden] that is the way of the world;

[ sådan går det ( med) alle store mænd] that is what happens to all great men;

[ gå tabt] be lost,

(se også tabe);

(se også III. fejl, II. galt, højt, ledig, løs, nok, rigtig, vild);

[ faste forbindelser med præp og adv:]

[ gå af]

( løsne sig) come off,

( om noget limet også) come unstuck;

( om skydevåben) go off,

( om skud) be fired;

( gå på pension) retire,

( trække sig tilbage, især fra højere stilling, og om regering) resign;

( forløbe) go (el. pass) off;

[ hvad går der af ham] what is the matter with him? what has come over him?

(se også II. led, mode, vej);

[ gå af i stilhed] pass off quietly;

[ gå af med], se pension, sejr;

[ det kan gå af på min gæld] you can deduct it from what I owe you;

[ gå an]

( være acceptabel) do ( fx will these shoes do?);

[ det går an] it will do;

[ det går aldrig an] it will never do;

[ gå bagover] fall backwards;

[ jeg var ved at gå bagover af forbavselse] you could have knocked me down with a feather;

[ gå bort] go away;

(dø) die, pass away;

[` gå efter]

( hente) go for, go to fetch,

T go and get;

( rette sig efter) go by, go on ( fx we have nothing to go by (el.

on)), act on ( fx his advice, his recommendation);

[gå ` efter]

( undersøge) go over ( fx all the details), go into ( fx the

matter),

( gøre rent, reparere) go over ( fx she went over the room with a duster),

( grundigt, om bil, skib) overhaul;

(friske el. male op) touch up ( fx an article);

( efterkontrollere) go (el. check) over, go (el. check) through;

[ hvis det gik efter mit hoved] if I had my way;

[ gå efter lyden] go in the direction of the sound;

[ gå for]

( gælde, regnes for) pass for, be supposed to be;

( blive solgt for) go for;

[ hvad går her for sig?] what is going on here?

[ hvornår skal det gå for sig?] when is it to come off? when is it to be?

[ det går godt for ham] he is doing well;

[ intet ville gå for ham] nothing went right for him;

[gå foran præp] go before,

F precede;

adv go (, walk) ahead (el. in front), lead the way;

[ gå forbi] pass;

[ gå forud for, gå fremfor] precede;

(fig) take precedence of (el. over);

[gå ` fra]

( løsne sig) come loose;

( om noget limet) come unstuck;

( skulle fradrages) be deducted;

(opgive fx eksamen) give up;

(opgive studium etc) drop out;

[` gå fra]

( forlade) leave (behind);

( lade i stikken) desert ( fx one's wife);

[ gå fra borde], se bord;

[ gå fra forstanden], se forstand;

[ gå fra hinanden]

(dvs hver til sit) part, separate;

(dvs i stykker) go to pieces, split;

[ gå fra sit ord] go back on one's word;

[ gå frem] advance, go forward;

( gøre fremskridt) make progress;

( bære sig ad) act,

F proceed;

[ gå lige frem] walk straight ahead;

[ gå fremad] advance,

F proceed;

( gøre fremskridt) make progress;

[ det går fremad med ham]

(dvs det går ham godt) he is getting on;

(mht helbredet) his health is improving;

( han bliver dygtigere) he is coming on;

[ gå hen: gå ubemærket hen] pass off unnoticed;

[ gå ikke hen og bliv syg] don't go and be ill;

[ han er gået hen og har købt en bil] he's (been and) gone and bought a car;

[ gå let hen over] pass lightly over;

T skate over;

(se også hoved);

[ gå hen til ham] go (up) to him; walk over to him;

( for at besøge ham) go and see him; look him up;

[` gå i]

( være klædt i) wear;

[gå `i]

( lukke sig) close;

[ gå i biografen (, teatret, skole)] go to the cinema (, the theatre, school);

[han går i sit 50. år] he is in his fiftieth year;

[ gå i femte klasse] be in the fifth class;

[ hun går lige i folk] people fall for her straight away;

[ den slags historier går lige i folk] people lap up that kind of story;

[ gå i sig selv] think better of it,

F repent;

[ planen gik i sig selv igen] the scheme came to nothing;

(se også blod, I. død, frø, kloster, krig, kød, land, moder, orden,

II. ret, I. stykke, vand, vejr);

[` gå igen] leave again;

[gå ` igen] be repeated,

F recur;

( om genfærd) walk; haunt the house (, room etc);

[ gå igennem] pass (through), go through;

( undersøge) go over, go through;

( lide) go through,

F undergo;

( blive vedtaget) be carried, pass, go through;

[ ansøgningen gik igennem] the application was granted;

[ (radio)udsendelsen gik godt igennem] reception was good;

(se også marv);

[ gå imod]

( i fjendtlig hensigt) go against;

( hen imod) go towards;

( modarbejde) oppose;

[ hvad er der gået dig imod?] what is worrying you? what has upset you?

[ alting går mig imod] nothing seems to be going my way;

[ gå ind]

( træde ind) go in, enter;

(om avis etc) cease publication;

(se også jagt);

[ gå ind ad døren] go in through (, enter by) the door;

[ gå ind for]

( støtte) support ( fx a proposal),

( være fortaler for) be an advocate of ( fx reform), advocate,

( anbefale) recommend;

[ gå ind for en sag] adopt (el. identify oneself with) a cause;

[ gå ind for hans politik] go in for (el. adopt el. advocate) his policy;

[ jeg går ind for at] I think that, I vote that;

[ gå ind i] go into, enter,

(i forening etc) join;

[ gå ind i hæren] join the army;

[ den gik lige ind]

(dvs han forstod det) it went right in; he got the message;

[ den slags går lige ind hos dem]

(dvs de elsker det) they lap up that kind of thing;

[ gå ind på]

( bevæge sig ind i) enter ( fx enter one's office);

( beskæftige sig med) go into ( fx go into details);

( give sin tilslutning til) agree to, accept ( fx accept a proposal), fall in with ( fx an arrangement, a joke);

[ gå nærmere ind på] go into details about;

[ gå ind til de andre] join the others;

(se også evig (hvile));

[ gå indad]

( om dør) open inwards;

[ han går indad på fødderne] his feet turn in; he turns in his feet (in walking);

[ gå itu] break, come (el. go) to pieces;

[ gå med]

( ledsage) go with, come with,

F accompany;

( bære) carry ( fx a pistol, a gas mask, a cane),

( være iført) wear ( fx a gas mask, glasses, a ring, a hat);

(se også krykke);

( om par) go out with,

T date ( fx he's dating her);

( uddele) deliver ( fx newspapers, milk; bread for a baker);

[gå ` med]

(adv) come with somebody (, me, etc), go along;

( forbruges) be consumed, be spent;

( blive ødelagt) be destroyed, be lost;

[ går du med?] are you coming (too)? are you coming with me (, us)?

[ gå med aviser (, mælk)]

( også) do a newspaper round (, milk round);

[ hvordan går det med ham?] how is he getting on?

[ hvordan går det med arbejdet?] how is the work getting on? how are you getting on with your work?

[ det går dårligt (, godt) med], se ovf: det går...;

[ gå med stok] walk with a stick,

( til pynt) carry a stick;

[ gå stille med noget] keep something quiet;

(se også dør);

[ gå med hovedet på skrå] carry one's head on one side;

[ sådan går det med de fleste] that is what happens to most people;

[ hele dagen gik med at forberede festen] they (, we etc) spent the whole day preparing the party;

[ gå med på] agree to ( fx the terms, the plan, the proposal), fall in with ( fx the proposal);

(se også værst);

[ gå med til]

(dvs ind på) agree to;

[ gå ned] go down,

F descend;

(om sol etc) set, go down;

( om flyvemaskine) land, come down;

(om skib etc = synke) go down;

( om pris, temperatur etc) fall,

( pludseligt) drop;

( om teatertæppe) fall, come down;

( bukke under) go under, go to the wall,

( gå fallit) go under, go bust;

(se også I. bakke, flag, I. klap);

[gå `om]

( gå omkring) walk about,

( blive rakt rundt) go round;

( udføres på ny) be repeated;

( i skole) repeat a class (, a year);

( om eksamen) retake (, kun skriftlig: resit) an examination,

( med objekt) retake (, resit) ( fx it is not possible to retake single papers);

[ lade kanden gå om] pass the jug;

[ kanden gik om] the jug went round;

[gå 3. klasse om] repeat the third class;

[ gå omkring] walk about;

[ der går en mur omkring byen] there is a wall round the town;

[ gå omkring i gaderne] walk about the streets;

[ gå op]

( stige, også om pris) rise, go up;

( om dør, vindue) open,

( pludseligt) fly open;

( om sammenføjning) come apart, give way;

(om knude etc) come undone,

( om noget limet) come unstuck;

( om regnestykke) come out, come right;

( om kabale) come out;

( om teatertæppe) rise;

(om fly etc) take off;

[ få til at gå op]

( om regnestykke) get out;

[ det går lige op]

(fig) it amounts to the same thing;

( vi er kvit) we are quits;

[ det gik op for mig at] I came to realize that, it dawned upon me that;

[ gå op i]

(dvs interessere sig for) be absorbed in; give one's mind to;

( gå helt op i) devote oneself to;

[ gå op i et fag]

( til eksamen) do an examination in a subject;

[ selskabet er gået op i et andet] the company has become merged in another;

[ to går op i fire] two will go into four; four is divisible by two;

[ gå op i sin rolle] identify oneself with one's part;

(se også I. lue, røg, I. spids);

[gå op med 6%] rise (el. go up) by 6%;

[ gå op til eksamen], se eksamen;

[ gå over]

( fra side til side) cross ( fx let us cross here), walk across;

( fortage sig) pass off, wear off;

( gå itu) break (in two),

( pludseligt, med et smæld) snap;

( overskride), se ndf: gå ud over;

(se også bred, forstand, streg);

[ gå over i] pass into;

[ gå over i historien], se historie;

[ gå over på andre hænder] pass into other hands; change hands;

[ gå over til] go over to ( fx the enemy; a Liberal MP went over to the Conservatives),

(neds) defect to ( fx he defected to the rebels);

( en mening) come round to;

( en religion) go over to, be converted to;

( anden virksomhed, andet emne) pass on to;

( udvikles til) become, pass into;

[ gå over til katolicismen] join (el. go over to) the Roman Catholic Church;

[gå `på]

( tage fat) go ahead, go on;

( angribe) go for him (, them etc);

( ske) happen ( fx it does not happen often);

(om handske etc) go on;

[` gå på]

(dvs angå) concern; be aimed at;

[ den går han ikke `på] he won't swallow (el. S buy) that; that won't go down with him;

[ det er hårdt at gå `på] it is tough luck;

[gå ( løs) på en] go for somebody;

(se også løs);

[ han lod sig ikke gå `på]

(dvs veg ikke) he stood his ground (like a man);

(dvs genere) he did not turn a hair;

[ det skal du ikke lade dig gå på af] don't let it get you down;

[ der går 100 p på et pund] there are a hundred pence to a pound;

(se også I. arbejde, hånd, melodi, nerve, opdagelse, universitet, vinge);

[ gå rundt] walk about, go round;

(se også rundt);

[` gå sammen] walk (, leave) together;

( om par) go out together,

T date ( fx they have been dating for over a year);

[ gå sammen om det]

(dvs gøre det i fællesskab) do it together;

[ gå sammen om at] join together to,

(dvs skyde penge sammen) club together to ( fx buy him a present);

[ gå sammen med dem om at] join forces with them to;

[gå ` til]

( fremskynde sin gang) walk faster,

F quicken one's pace;

( ske) come about, come (to pass), happen ( fx how did it happen? how did it come about that he was told? how did he come to lose the

money?);

( kræves) be required,

( forbruges) be spent, be consumed;

( om fodtøj) break in ( fx new boots, new shoes);

[ gå til den]

T go it;

[ det gik hedt til] feelings ran high,

T the fur really flew;

[ det gik livligt til] things got lively;

[ det gik underligt til med den sag] it was a queer business;

[ jeg er ved at gå ` til af varme] this heat is getting too much for me (el.

is getting me down);

(se også bord, film, hjerte, hvile, hånd, læge, II. ret, sag, scene, top,

valg);

[ gå tilbage] go back,

(især mil.) retreat;

(fig) decline; fall off ( fx membership ( medlemstallet) fell off);

[ lade handelen gå tilbage] call off the deal;

[ det er gået tilbage for ham] he has come down in the world;

[ vær venlig at gå tilbage i vognen!] pass right along the bus, please!

[ det går tilbage med ham] he is falling off; he is losing his grip;

[ gå tilbage til] return to, go back to,

( skrive sig fra) date from ( fx the house dates from the 17th

century);

[ gå ud] go out ( fx they go out a lot);

( om ild, lys) go out;

( om planter) die;

( udgå) be omitted, be left out, be dropped;

[ gå ud ad døren] go out of the door;

[ gå ud af] go out of, leave ( fx the room, school);

[ gå ud fra]

( forudsætte) assume, understand, take for granted ( fx I took it for granted that you would agree);

[ jeg går ud fra at]

( også) I take it that;

[ gå ud fra en urigtig forudsætning] act on a wrong assumption;

[ gå ud med én] go out with somebody;

[ gå ud over]

(dvs overskride) go beyond ( fx what is reasonable), pass,

F exceed ( fx all bounds alle grænser);

( påvirke, ramme) affect ( fx one's health);

[ det går ud over hans arbejde]

( også) his work suffers;

[ hans ondskab gik ud over ham selv] his malice rebounded on him;

[ dette vil gå ud over ham] he will be the one to suffer for this;

[ lade det gå ud over en anden]

(dvs når noget går én imod) take it out on somebody else;

[ lade sit raseri gå ud over] vent one's rage on;

[ gå ud på]

( tilsigte) aim at,

( udtrykke) be to the effect (that);

[ det går ud på at] the idea is that;

[ forslaget (, svaret) går ud på at] the proposal (, the answer) is to the effect that;

[ hans stræben går ud på] his object (el. aim) is;

[ jeg så hvad alt dette gik ud på] I perceived the drift of all this;

[ jeg ved hvad dine ønsker går ud på] I know what your wishes are;

[ gå uden om] walk (, go) round ( fx a hole in the road);

(fig) get round ( fx the difficulty);

( prøve at undgå) sidestep ( fx a problem),

F evade ( fx the difficulty, the question);

[ gå langt uden om én] give somebody a wide berth;

[ gå udenom] go round ( fx the gate was shut so we had to go round),

(fig: om sagens kerne) beat about the bush;

[gå ` under]

(mar) go down,

F founder;

( bukke under) go under, go to the wall;

( blive ødelagt) be destroyed;

[ hvis verden går under] if the world comes to an end;

(se også navn);

[ gå videre], se videre;

[ gå væk], se væk.

Danish-English dictionary > gå

13 aller

aller [ale]

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1. intransitive verb

2. impersonal verb

3. auxiliary verb

4. reflexive verb

5. masculine noun

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➭ TABLE 9

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► aller is conjugated with être.

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1. <

   a. (déplacement) to go

• où vas-tu ? where are you going?

• vas-y ! go on!

• on y va ? (avant un départ) shall we go? ; (avant d'agir) shall we start?

• allons-y ! let's go!

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► aller se traduit souvent par un verbe plus spécifique en anglais.

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• j'allais par les rues désertes I wandered through the empty streets

• aller quelque part en voiture to drive somewhere

• aller quelque part en avion to fly somewhere

► aller et venir (entre deux endroits) to come and go ; (dans une pièce) to pace up and down

► aller + préposition

• aller à to go to

• il est allé à Caen he went to Caen

• ils sont allés à la campagne they went to the country

• aller à l'école to go to school

• l'argent ira à la restauration du clocher the money will go towards restoring the bell tower

• aller chez le boucher to go to the butcher's

• aller chez un ami to go to a friend's

• aller en France to go to France

• je vais sur or vers Lille (en direction de) I'm going towards Lille ; (but du voyage) I'm going to Lille

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► Lorsque être allé à/en signifie avoir visité, il se traduit par to have been to.

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• je ne suis jamais allé à New York I've never been to New York

• étiez-vous déjà allés en Sicile ? had you been to Sicily before?

   b. (évolution) on va à la catastrophe we're heading for disaster

• aller sur ses 30 ans to be getting on for 30 (Brit) to be going on 30 (US)

► plus ça va

• plus ça va, plus les gens s'inquiètent people are getting more and more worried

• plus ça va, plus je me dis que j'ai eu tort the more I think about it, the more I realize how wrong I was► aller en + participe présent

• aller en empirant to get worse and worse

• aller en augmentant to keep increasing

   c. ( = durer) l'abonnement va jusqu'en juin the subscription lasts till June

• la période qui va du 22 mai au 15 juillet the period from 22 May to 15 July

   d. (état, santé) comment allez-vous ? how are you?

• il va bien he's fine

• il va mal he's in a bad way

• comment ça va ? -- ça va how are you doing? -- fine

• ça va mieux maintenant I'm feeling better now

• non mais ça va pas ! (inf) are you out of your mind? (inf)

• comment vont les affaires ? -- elles vont bien how's business? -- fine

• ça va mal en Russie Russia is in a bad way

• ça va mal aller si tu continues there's going to be trouble if you carry on like that

• l'économie va mieux the economy is doing better

   e. ( = convenir) ça ira comme ça ? is it all right like that?

• aller avec to go well with

• aller bien ensemble [couleurs, styles] to go well together

• ils vont bien ensemble [personnes] they make a nice couple

► aller à qn (forme, mesure) to fit sb ; (style, genre) to suit sb

• cette robe te va très bien (couleur, style) that dress really suits you ; (taille) that dress fits you perfectly

• rendez-vous demain 4 heures ? -- ça me va (inf) tomorrow at 4? -- OK, fine (inf)

• ça lui va mal de critiquer les autres he's got a nerve (inf) criticizing other people

   f. (exclamations) allons !

• allez ! go on!

• allez la France ! come on France!

• allons, allons, il ne faut pas pleurer come on, don't cry

• ce n'est pas grave, allez ! come on, it's not so bad!

• va donc, eh crétin ! you stupid idiot! (inf)

• allez-y, c'est votre tour go on, it's your turn

• allez-y, vous ne risquez rien go on, you've nothing to lose

• non mais vas-y, insulte-moi ! (inf) go on, insult me!

► allons bon !

• allons bon ! qu'est-ce qui t'est encore arrivé ? now what's happened?

• allons bon, j'ai oublié mon sac ! oh dear, I've left my bag behind!► ça va ! (inf) ( = assez) that's enough! ; ( = d'accord) OK, OK! (inf)

• tes remarques désobligeantes, ça va comme ça ! I've had just about enough of your nasty comments!

• alors, tu viens ? -- ça va, j'arrive ! are you coming then? -- OK, OK (inf), I'm coming!

• ça fait dix fois que je te le dis -- ça va, je vais le faire ! I've told you ten times -- look, I'll do it, OK? (inf)► va pour (inf)

va pour 30 € ! OK, 30 euros then!

• j'aimerais aller à Tokyo -- alors va pour Tokyo ! I'd like to go to Tokyo -- Tokyo it is then!

2. <

• il y va de votre vie your life is at stake

• il en va de même pour tous les autres the same goes for all the others

• ça y va le whisky chez eux ! they certainly get through a lot of whisky!

• ça y allait les insultes ! you should have heard the abuse!

3. <

► aller + infinitif

   a. (futur)

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► Lorsque aller + infinitif sert à exprimer le futur, il se traduit par will + infinitif ; will est souvent abrégé en 'll.

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• il va descendre dans une minute he'll come down in a minute

• je vais le faire tout de suite I'll do it right away

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► La forme du futur to be going to s'utilise pour mettre qn en garde.

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• tu vas être en retard you're going to be late

• je vais le dire à ton père I'll tell your father ; ( = menace) I'm going to tell your father

   b. (intention) il est allé se renseigner he's gone to get some information ; (a obtenu les informations) he went and got some information

• aller voir qn à l'hôpital to go and visit sb in hospital

   c. (locutions) n'allez pas vous imaginer que... don't you go imagining that...

• allez savoir ! (inf) who knows?

• va lui expliquer ça, toi ! you try explaining that to him!

4. <

► s'en aller

   a. ( = partir) to go

• bon, je m'en vais right, I'm going

• elle s'en va en vacances demain she is going on holiday tomorrow

• va-t'en ! go away!

   b. ( = disparaître) [tache] to come off ; (sur tissu) to come out

• ça s'en ira au lavage [boue] it'll wash off ; [tache] it'll wash out

5. <

   a. ( = billet) single (ticket) (Brit), one-way ticket (US)

   b. ( = trajet) outward journey

• l'aller s'est bien passé the outward journey went well

• trois allers (simples) pour Tours three singles (Brit) or one-way tickets (US) to Tours

► aller et retour return (ticket) (Brit) round-trip ticket (US)

• l'aller et retour Paris-New York coûte 2 500 € Paris-New York is 2,500 euros return (Brit) or round-trip (US)

• je ne fais que l'aller et retour I'm just going there and back

• j'ai fait plusieurs allers et retours entre chez moi et la pharmacie I made several trips to the chemist's

• le dossier a fait plusieurs allers et retours entre nos services the file has been shuttled between departments

* * *

I
1. ale
verbe auxiliaire

1) ( marque le futur)

je vais rentrer chez moi — I'm going home

j'allais partir — I was just leaving

j'allais partir quand il est arrivé — I was about to leave when he arrived

l'homme qui allait inventer la bombe atomique — the man who was to invent the atomic bomb

il va le regretter — he'll regret it

ça va aller mal — (colloq) there'll be trouble

tu vas me laisser tranquille? — will you please leave me alone!

2) ( marque le futur programmé)

je vais leur dire ce que je pense — I'm going to tell them what I think

3) ( marque le mouvement)

aller rouler de l'autre côté de la rue — to go rolling across the street

aller atterrir (colloq) sur mon bureau — to end up on my desk

4) ( marque l'inclination)

va savoir! — who knows?

qu'es-tu allé te mettre en tête? — where did you pick up that idea?

qui irait le soupçonner? — who would suspect him?

pourquoi es-tu allé faire ça? — why did you have to go and do that?

allez-y comprendre quelque chose! — just try and work that out!

5) ( marque l'évolution)

la situation va (en) se compliquant — the situation is getting more and more complicated

aller (en) s'améliorant — to be improving

la tristesse ira (en) s'atténuant — the grief will diminish

2.

verbe intransitif

1) (se porter, se dérouler, fonctionner)

comment vas-tu, comment ça va? — how are you?

ça va (bien) — I'm fine

les enfants vont bien? — are the children all right?

comment va la santé? — how are you keeping?

aller beaucoup mieux — to be much better

bois ça, ça ira mieux — drink this, you'll feel better

tout va bien? — is everything going all right?

vous êtes sûr que ça va? — are you sure you're all right?

les affaires vont bien — business is good

ça va l'école? — how are things at school?

ça ne va pas très fort — ( ma santé) I'm not feeling very well; ( la vie) things aren't too good; ( le moral) I'm feeling a bit low

ça va mal entre eux — things aren't too good between them

qu'est-ce qui ne va pas? — what's the matter?

la voiture a quelque chose qui ne va pas — there's something wrong with the car

tout est allé si vite! — it all happened so quickly!

ne pas aller sans peine or mal — not to be easy

ça va de soi or sans dire — it goes without saying

l'amour ne va jamais de soi — love is never straightforward

ça va tout seul — ( c'est facile) it's a doddle (colloq) GB, it's easy as pie

les choses vont très vite — things are moving fast

on fait aller — (colloq) struggling on (colloq)

ça peut aller — (colloq)

ça ira — (colloq) could be worse (colloq)

ça va pas, non (colloq) or la tête? — (colloq) are you mad (colloq) GB ou crazy? (colloq)

2) ( se déplacer) to go

allez tout droit — go straight ahead

aller et venir — ( dans une pièce) to pace up and down; ( d'un lieu à l'autre) to run in and out

la liberté d'aller et venir — the freedom to come and go at will

les nouvelles vont vite — news travels fast

où vas-tu? — where are you going?, where are you off (colloq) to?

aller en Pologne/au marché — to go to Poland/to the market

je suis allé de Bruxelles à Anvers — I went from Brussels to Antwerp

allons-y! — let's go!

je l'ai rencontré en allant au marché — I met him on the way to the market

aller sur or vers Paris — to head for Paris

aller vers le nord — to head north

va-t-on vers une nouvelle guerre? — are we heading for another war?

j'y vais — ( je m'en occupe) I'll get it; ( je pars) (colloq) I'm going, I'm off (colloq)

où va-t-il? — where is he off to? (colloq)

où va-t-on? — (colloq)

où allons-nous? — (colloq) fig what are things coming to?, what's the world coming to?

3) ( pour se livrer à une activité)

aller au travail — to go to work

aller à la chasse — to go hunting

aller au pain — (colloq) to go and get the bread

aller aux courses (colloq) or commissions — (colloq) to go shopping

aller aux nouvelles — to go and see if there's any news

4) ( s'étendre dans l'espace)

la route va au village — the road leads to the village

la rue va de la gare à l'église — the street goes from the station to the church

5) ( convenir)

ma robe, ça va? — is my dress all right?

ça va, ça peut aller — (colloq) ( en quantité) that'll do; ( en qualité) it'll do

ça va comme ça — it's all right as it is

ça ne va pas du tout — that's no good at all

la traduction n'allait pas — the translation was no good

une soupe, ça (te) va? — how about some soup?

va pour une soupe — (colloq) soup is okay (colloq)

ça va si je porte un jean? — can I wear jeans?

si le contrat ne te va pas, ne le signe pas — don't sign the contract if you're not happy with it

si ça va pour toi, ça va pour moi — (colloq) if it's okay by you, it's okay by me (colloq)

ma scie ne va pas pour le métal — my saw is no good for metal

ça te va bien de faire la morale — (colloq) iron you're hardly the person to preach

6) (être de la bonne taille, de la bonne forme)

aller à quelqu'un — to fit somebody

7) (flatter, mettre en valeur)

aller à quelqu'un — to suit somebody

ta cravate ne va pas avec ta chemise — your tie doesn't go with your shirt

les meubles vont bien ensemble — the furniture all matches

je trouve que ta sœur et son petit ami vont très bien ensemble — I think your sister and her boyfriend are ideally suited

8) ( se ranger) to go

les assiettes vont dans le placard — the plates go in the cupboard

9) ( faculté)

pouvoir aller dans l'eau — to be waterproof

le plat ne va pas au four — the dish is not ovenproof

10) ( dans une évaluation)

la voiture peut aller jusqu'à 200 km/h — the car can do up to 200 kph

certains modèles peuvent aller jusqu'à 1000 francs — some models can cost up to 1,000 francs

11) ( en arriver à)

aller jusqu'au président — to take it right up to the president

aller jusqu'à tuer — to go as far as to kill

leur amour est allé jusqu'à la folie — their love bordered on madness

12) ( dans le temps)

aller jusqu'en 1914 — to go up to 1914

la période qui va de 1918 à 1939 — the period between 1918 and 1939

le contrat allait jusqu'en 1997 — the contract ran until 1997

aller sur ses 17 ans — to be going on 17

13) (agir, raisonner)

vas-y doucement, le tissu est fragile — careful, the fabric is delicate

tu vas trop vite — you're going too fast

vas-y, demande-leur! — ( incitation) go on, ask them!

vas-y, dis-le! — ( provocation) come on, out with it!

allons, allez! — (pour encourager, inciter) come on!

si tu vas par là, rien n'est entièrement vrai — if you take that line, nothing is entirely true

14) ( contribuer)

y aller de sa petite larme — to shed a little tear

y aller de son petit discours — to do one's party piece

y aller de ses économies — to dip into one's savings

y aller de sa personne — to pitch in

15) (colloq) ( se succéder)

ça y va la vodka avec lui — he certainly gets through the vodka

ça y allait les coups — the fur was flying (colloq)

16) ( servir)

l'argent ira à la réparation de l'église — the money will go toward(s) repairing the church

l'argent est allé dans leurs poches — they pocketed the money

17) ( enfreindre)

aller contre la loi — [personne] to break the law; [acte] to be against the law

je ne peux pas aller contre ce qu'il a décidé — I can't go against his decision

3.

s'en aller verbe pronominal

1) (partir, se rendre)

il faut que je m'en aille — I must go ou leave

va-t'en! — go away!

s'en aller au travail — to go off to work

2) ( disparaître)

les nuages vont s'en aller — the clouds will clear away

la tache ne s'en va pas — the stain won't come out

avec le temps, tout s'en va — everything fades with time

3) fml ( mourir) to pass away

4) (avoir l'intention de, essayer)

je m'en vais leur dire ce que je pense — I'm going to tell them what I think

va-t'en savoir! — who knows?

4.

verbe impersonnel

1) ( être en jeu)

il y va de ta santé — your health is at stake

2) ( se passer)

il en va souvent ainsi — that's often what happens

il en va de même pour toi — that goes for you too

il en va autrement en Corée — things are different in Korea

3) Mathématique

40 divisé par 12 il y va 3 fois et il reste 4 — 12 into 40 goes 3 times with 4 left over

II ale
nom masculin

1) ( trajet)

j'ai fait une escale à l'aller — I made a stopover on the way out

j'ai pris le bus à l'aller — ( en allant là) I took the bus there; ( en venant ici) I took the bus here

l'aller a pris trois heures — the journey there took three hours

il n'arrête pas de faire des allers et retours entre chez lui et son bureau — he keeps running to and fro from his house to the office

billet aller — gén single ticket GB, one-way ticket US; ( d'avion) one-way ticket

billet aller (et) retour — return ticket GB, round trip (ticket) US

match aller — first leg

2) ( ticket)

aller (simple) — single (ticket) GB, one-way ticket ( pour to)

aller (et) retour — return ticket

••

Lorsque aller fait partie d'une expression figée comme aller dans le sens de, aller de pair avec etc, l'expression est traitée sous l'entrée sens, pair etc

On notera les différentes traductions de aller verbe de mouvement indiquant: un déplacement unique dans le temps: je vais au théâtre ce soir = I'm going to the theatre [BrE] this evening; ou une habitude: je vais au théâtre tous les lundis = I go to the theatre [BrE] every Monday

aller + infinitif

la traduction dépend du temps: je vais apprendre l'italien = I'm going to learn Italian; il est allé voir l'exposition = he went to see the exhibition; j'allais me marier quand la guerre a éclaté = I was going to get married when the war broke out; va voir = go and see; va leur parler = go and speak to them; j'irai voir l'exposition demain = I'll go and see the exhibition tomorrow; je vais souvent m'asseoir au bord de la rivière = I often go and sit by the river; il ne va jamais voir une exposition = he never goes to see exhibitions

On notera que pour les activités sportives on peut avoir: aller nager/faire du vélo = to go swimming/cycling ou to go for a swim/on a bike ride

On trouvera ci-dessous des exemples et des exceptions illustrant aller dans ses différentes fonctions verbales

* * *
ale
1. nm

1) (= trajet) outward journey

L'aller nous a pris trois heures. — The journey there took us three hours., The outward journey took us three hours.

2) (= billet) single Grande-Bretagne ticket, one-way ticket

Je voudrais un aller pour Angers. — I'd like a single to Angers.

2. vi

1) (déplacement) to go

Je suis allé à Londres. — I went to London.

Elle ira le voir. — She'll go and see him.

La boulangerie? Je dois justement y aller. — The baker's? That's just where I need to go.

aller à la chasse — to go hunting

aller à la pêche — to go fishing

aller voir qn — to go and see sb

aller chercher qn — to go and get sb

pour aller à Conflans? — how do I get to Conflans?

2) (= convenir)

aller à qn [couleur, style] — to suit sb, [forme, pointure] to fit sb, [dispositions, date] to suit sb

cela me va [couleur, vêtement] — it suits me, (pointure, taille) it fits me, [projet, dispositions] it suits me, that's OK by me

Cette robe te va bien. — That dress suits you.

aller avec qch [couleurs, style] — to go with sth

bien aller avec qch — to go well with sth

3) (= se sentir)

"Comment allez-vous? " - - "Je vais bien." — "How are you?" - - "I'm fine."

Il va bien. — He's fine.

Il va mal. — He's not well.

aller mieux — to be better

4) (= marcher, se passer)

comment ça va? — how are you?, how are things?

"ça va?" - - "oui ça va!" — "how are things?" - - "fine!"

ça va bien — things are going well

ça va mal — things aren't going well

tout va bien — everything's fine

cela ne va pas sans difficultés — it's not without difficulties

5) (exhortation)

allez! (encouragement) — go on!, (avec impatience) come on!

Allez! Dépêche-toi! — Come on, hurry up!

allez, au revoir — OK then, bye-bye

6) (autres locutions)

y aller; allons-y! — let's go!

vas-y! — go on!

Je dois y aller. — I've got to go.

y aller un peu fort — to go a bit far

Tu y vas un peu fort. — You're going a bit too far., You're going a bit far.

il y va de leur vie — their lives are at stake

aller jusqu'à — to go as far as

Nous sommes allés jusqu'à Angers. — We went as far as Angers.

J'irais jusqu'à dire qu'il est trop tard. — I would go so far as to say that it's too late.

se laisser aller — to let o.s. go

ça va de soi; ça va sans dire — that goes without saying

ça va comme ça (= c'est suffisant) — that's fine, (impatience) that's enough

3. vb aux

(futur immédiat)

Je vais le faire. — I'm going to do it.

Je vais me fâcher. — I'm going to get angry.

Je vais écrire à mes cousins. — I'm going to write to my cousins.

* * *

I.

aller ⇒ Note d'usage verb table: aller

A v aux

1 ( marque le futur) je vais partir I'm leaving; je vais rentrer chez moi/me coucher I'm going home/to bed; j'allais partir I was just leaving; j'allais partir quand il est arrivé I was about to leave when he arrived; l'homme qui allait inventer la bombe atomique the man who was to invent the atomic bomb; il allait le regretter he was to regret it; il va le regretter he'll regret it; elle va avoir un an she'll soon be one; il va faire nuit it'll soon be dark; ça va aller mal○ there'll be trouble; tu vas me laisser tranquille? will you please leave me alone!;

2 ( marque le futur programmé) je vais leur dire ce que je pense I'm going to tell them what I think; elle va peindre sa cuisine en bleu she's going to paint her kitchen blue; j'allais te le dire I was just going to tell you;

3 ( marque le mouvement) aller rouler de l'autre côté de la rue to go rolling across the street; aller valser○ à l'autre bout de la pièce to go flying across the room; aller atterrir○ en plein champ/sur mon bureau to end up in the middle of a field/on my desk;

4 (marque l'inclination, l'initiative) qu'est-ce que tu vas imaginer là? what a ridiculous idea!; va savoir! who knows?; va or allez (donc) savoir ce qui s'est passé who knows what happened?; qu'es-tu allé te mettre en tête? where did you pick up that idea?; qui irait le soupçonner? who would suspect him?; vous n'iriez pas leur dire ça? you're not going to go and say that, are you?; pourquoi es-tu allé faire ça? why did you have to go and do that?; n'allez pas croire une chose pareille! ( pour réfuter) don't you believe it!; ( pour tempérer l'enthousiasme) don't get carried away!; allez y comprendre quelque chose! just try and work that out!;

5 ( marque l'évolution) la situation va (en) se compliquant the situation is getting more and more complicated; aller (en) s'améliorant/s'aggravant to be improving/getting worse; la tristesse ira (en) s'atténuant the grief will diminish.

B vi

1 (se porter, se dérouler, fonctionner) comment vas-tu, comment ça va? how are you?; ça va (bien) I'm fine; les enfants vont bien? are the children all right?; et ta femme/ton épaule, comment ça va? how's your wife/your shoulder?; comment va la santé? how are you keeping?; ça va la vie○? how's life○?; ça va les amours○? how's the love life going?; aller beaucoup mieux to be much better; bois ça, ça ira mieux drink this, you'll feel better; tout va bien pour toi? is everything going all right?; si tout va bien if everything goes all right; vous êtes sûr que ça va? are you sure you're all right?; les affaires vont bien/mal business is good/bad; ça va l'école? how are things at school?; ça ne va pas très fort or bien ( ma santé) I'm not feeling very well; ( la vie) things aren't too good; ( le moral) I'm feeling a bit low; ça pourrait aller mieux, ça va plus ou moins ( réponse) so-so; ça va mal entre eux things aren't too good between them; qu'est-ce qui ne va pas? what's the matter?; la voiture a quelque chose qui ne va pas there's something wrong with the car; tout va pour le mieux everything's fine; tout est allé si vite! it all happened so quickly!; ne pas aller sans peine or mal not to be easy; ne pas aller sans hésitations to take some thinking about; ça va de soi or sans dire it goes without saying; ça devrait aller de soi it should be obvious; ainsi vont les choses that's the way it goes; ainsi va le monde that's the way of the world; ainsi allait la France this was the state of affairs in France; l'amour ne va jamais de soi love is never straightforward; ça va tout seul ( c'est facile) it's a doddle○ GB, it's as easy as pie; ça ne va pas tout seul it's not that easy, it's no picnic○; les choses vont très vite things are moving fast; on fait aller○ struggling on○; ça peut aller○, ça ira○ could be worse○; ça va pas, non○ or la tête○? are you mad○ GB ou crazy○?; ça va pas, non, de crier or gesticuler comme ça○? what's the matter with you, carrying on like that○?; ⇒ pis;

2 ( se déplacer) to go; tu vas trop vite you're going too fast; allez tout droit go straight ahead; aller et venir ( dans une pièce) to pace up and down; ( d'un lieu à l'autre) to run in and out; la liberté d'aller et venir the freedom to come and go at will; je préfère aller à pied/en avion I'd rather walk/fly; les nouvelles vont vite news travels fast; aller d'un pas rapide to walk quickly; je sais aller à bicyclette/cheval I can ride a bike/horse; où vas-tu? where are you going?, where are you off○ to?; je vais en Pologne I'm going to Poland; aller au marché/en ville to go to the market/into town; aller chez le médecin/dentiste to go to the doctor's/dentist's; va dans ta chambre go to your room; je suis allé de Bruxelles à Anvers I went from Brussels to Antwerp; je suis allé jusqu'en Chine/au marché ( et pas plus loin) I went as far as China/the market; ( et c'était loin) I went all the way to China/the market; je préfère ne pas y aller I'd rather not go; allons-y! let's go!; je l'ai rencontré en allant au marché I met him on the way to the market; aller vers le nord to head north; j'y vais ( je m'en occupe) I'll get it; ( je pars)○ I'm going, I'm off○; où va-t-il encore? where is he off to now○?; aller sur or vers Paris to head for Paris; où va-t-on○?, où allons-nous○? fig what are things coming to?, what's the world coming to?; va donc, eh, abruti○! get lost○, you idiot!; ⇒ cruche;

3 (pour se livrer à une activité, chercher un produit) aller à l'école/au travail to go to school/to work; aller à la chasse/pêche to go hunting/fishing; allez-vous à la piscine? do you go to the swimming pool?; il est allé au golf/tennis he's gone to play golf/tennis; aller aux champignons/framboises to go mushroom-/raspberry-picking; aller au pain○ to go and get the bread; dans quelle boulangerie allez-vous? which bakery do you go to?; aller aux courses○ or commissions○ to go shopping; aller au ravitaillement to go and stock up; aller aux nouvelles or informations to go and see if there's any news;

4 ( s'étendre dans l'espace) la route va au village the road leads to the village; la rue va de la gare à l'église the street goes from the station to the church;

5 ( convenir) ma robe/la traduction, ça va? is my dress/the translation all right?; ça va, ça ira○, ça peut aller○ ( en quantité) that'll do; ( en qualité) it'll do; ça va comme ça it's all right as it is; ça ne va pas du tout that's no good at all; ça ne va pas du tout, tu dois mettre une cravate you can't go like that, you have to wear a tie; la traduction n'allait pas the translation was no good; lundi ça (te) va? would Monday suit you ou be okay○?; une soupe, ça (te) va? how about some soup?; va pour une soupe○ soup is okay○; ça irait si on se voyait demain? would it it be all right if we met tomorrow?; ça va si je porte un jean? can I wear jeans?; si le contrat ne te va pas, ne le signe pas don't sign the contract if you're not happy with it; si ça va pour toi, ça va pour moi○ or ça me va○ if it's okay by you, it's okay by me○; ça n'irait pas du tout ( inacceptable) that would never do; ma scie ne va pas pour le métal my saw is no good for metal; ça te va bien de faire la morale/parler comme ça○ iron you're hardly the person to preach/make that sort of remark;

6 (être de la bonne taille, de la bonne forme) aller à qn to fit sb; tes chaussures sont trop grandes, elles ne me vont pas your shoes are too big, they don't fit me; cette vis/clé ne va pas this screw/key doesn't fit;

7 (flatter, mettre en valeur) aller à qn to suit sb; le rouge ne me va pas or me va mal red doesn't suit me; sa robe lui allait (très) bien her dress really suited her; le rôle t'irait parfaitement the part would suit you perfectly; ta cravate ne va pas avec ta chemise your tie doesn't go with your shirt; les tapis vont bien ensemble the rugs go together well; les meubles vont bien ensemble the furniture all matches; je trouve que ta sœur et son petit ami vont très bien ensemble I think your sister and her boyfriend are ideally suited;

8 ( se ranger) to go; les assiettes vont dans le placard the plates go in the cupboard; la chaise pliante va derrière la porte de la cuisine the folding chair goes behind the kitchen door;

9 ( faculté) pouvoir aller dans l'eau to be waterproof; le plat ne va pas au four the dish is not ovenproof;

10 ( dans une évaluation) la voiture peut aller jusqu'à 200 km/h the car can do up to 200 km/h; certains modèles peuvent aller jusqu'à 1 000 euros some models can cost up to 1,000 euros; une peine allant jusqu'à cinq ans de prison a sentence of up to five years in prison;

11 ( en arriver à) aller jusqu'au président to take it right up to the president; aller jusqu'à mentir/tuer to go as far as to lie/kill; leur amour est allé jusqu'à la folie their love bordered on madness;

12 ( dans le temps) aller jusqu'en 1914 to go up to 1914; pendant la période qui va du 8 février au 13 mars between 8 February and 13 March; la période qui va de 1918 à 1939 the period between 1918 and 1939; l'offre va jusqu'à jeudi the offer lasts until Thursday; le contrat allait jusqu'en 1997 the contract ran until 1997; va-t-on vers une nouvelle guerre? are we heading for another war?; aller sur ses 17 ans to be going on 17;

13 (agir, raisonner) vas-y doucement or gentiment, le tissu est fragile careful, the fabric is delicate; ils n'y sont pas allés doucement avec les meubles○ they were rather rough with the furniture; tu vas trop vite you're going too fast; vas-y, demande-leur! ( incitation) go on, ask them!; vas-y, dis-le! ( provocation) come on, out with it!; allons, allez! (pour encourager, inciter) come on!; j'y vais○ ( je vais agir) here we go!; si tu vas par là or comme ça, rien n'est entièrement vrai if you take that line, nothing is entirely true;

14 ( contribuer) y aller de sa petite larme to shed a little tear; y aller de sa petite chanson to do one's party piece; y aller de ses économies to dip into one's savings; y aller de sa personne to pitch in; y aller de 100 euros Jeux to put in 100 euros;

15 ○( se succéder) ça y va la vodka avec lui he certainly gets through the vodka; ça y allait les coups the fur was flying○;

16 ( servir) où est allé l'argent? where has the money gone?; l'argent ira à la réparation de l'église the money will go toward(s) repairing the church; l'argent est allé dans leurs poches they pocketed the money;

17 ( enfreindre) aller contre la loi [personne] to break the law; [acte] to be against the law; je ne peux pas aller contre ce qu'il a décidé I can't go against his decision.

C s'en aller vpr

1 (partir, se rendre) il faut que je m'en aille I must go ou leave; je m'en vais en Italie cet été I'm going to Italy this summer; je m'en vais du Japon l'année prochaine I'll be leaving Japan next year; va-t'en! go away!; s'en aller faire les courses/en vacances/au travail to go off to do the shopping/on vacation/to work; ils s'en allaient chantant† they went off singing;

2 ( disparaître) les nuages vont s'en aller the clouds will clear away; la tache ne s'en va pas the stain won't come out; avec le temps, tout s'en va everything fades with time; les années s'en vont the years go by;

3 fml ( mourir) to pass away;

4 (avoir l'intention de, essayer) je m'en vais leur dire ce que je pense I'm going to tell them what I think; ne t'en va pas imaginer une chose pareille ( pour réfuter) don't you believe it!; ( pour tempérer l'enthousiasme) don't get carried away!; va-t'en savoir ce qu'il a voulu dire! who knows what he meant?

D v impers

1 ( être en jeu) il y va de ma réputation my reputation is at stake; il y va de ta santé your health is at stake, you're putting your health at risk;

2 ( se passer) il en va souvent ainsi that's often what happens; tout le monde doit aider et il en va de même pour toi everyone must help, and that goes for you too; il en ira de même pour eux the same goes for them; il en va autrement en Corée things are different in Korea; il en ira de lui comme de ses prédécesseurs he'll go the same way as his predecessors;

3 Math 40 divisé par 12 il y va 3 fois et il reste 4 12 into 40 goes 3 times with 4 left over.

II.

aller nm

1 ( trajet) j'ai fait une escale à l'aller I made a stopover on the way out; j'ai pris le bus à l'aller ( en allant là) I took the bus there; ( en venant ici) I took the bus here; l'aller a pris trois heures the journey there took three hours; il n'arrête pas de faire des allers et retours entre chez lui et son bureau he keeps running to and fro from his house to the office; je suis pressé, je ne fais que l'aller et le retour○ I'm in a hurry, I've just popped in○; billet aller gén single ticket GB, one-way ticket US; ( d'avion) one-way ticket; billet aller (et) retour return ticket GB, round trip (ticket) US;

2 ( ticket) aller (simple) single (ticket); deux allers (pour) Lille two singles to Lille; aller (et) retour return ticket;

3 Sport ( match) first leg; à l'aller in the first leg; match or rencontre aller first leg.

I

[ale] nom masculin

1. [voyage] outward journey

je suis passé les voir à l'aller I dropped in to see them on the way (there)

l'avion était en retard à l'aller et au retour the flight was delayed both ways

un aller (et) retour a round trip

faire des allers et retours [personne, document] to go back and forth, to shuttle back and forth

ne faire qu'un ou que l'aller et retour: je vais à la banque mais je ne fais qu'un aller et retour I'm going to the bank, but I'll be right back

2. [billet]

aller (simple) single (ticket) (UK), one-way ticket (US)

aller (et) retour return (UK) ou round-trip (US) (ticket)

3. (familier)

aller et retour [gifle] slap

II

[ale] verbe auxiliaire

1. (suivi de l'infinitif) [exprime le futur proche] to be going ou about to

tu vas tomber! you're going to fall!, you'll fall!

attendez-le, il va arriver wait for him, he'll be here any minute now

j'allais justement te téléphoner I was just going to phone you, I was on the point of phoning you

il va être 5 h it's going on 5

[pour donner un ordre]

tu vas faire ce que je te dis, oui ou non? will you do as I say or won't you?

2. (suivi de l'infinitif) [en intensif] to go

ne va pas croire/penser que... don't go and believe/think that...

tu ne vas pas me faire croire que tu ne savais rien! you can't fool me into thinking that you didn't know anything!

que n'iront-ils pas s'imaginer! God knows what they'll think!

où est-elle? — allez savoir! where is she? — God knows!

allez expliquer ça à un enfant de 5 ans! try and explain ou try explaining that to a 5-year-old!

3. [exprime la continuité] (suivi du gérondif)

aller en: aller en s'améliorant to get better and better, to improve

aller en augmentant to keep increasing

aller en diminuant: le bruit allait en diminuant the noise was getting fainter and fainter

(suivi du participe présent)

aller croissant

a. [tension] to be rising

b. [nombre] to be rising ou increasing

————————

[ale] verbe intransitif

A.[EXPRIME LE MOUVEMENT]

1. [se déplacer] to go

qui va là? who goes there?

va vite!

a. hurry up!

b. [à un enfant] run along (now)!

vous alliez à plus de 90 km/h [en voiture] you were driving at ou doing more than 90 km/h

aller (et) venir

a. [de long en large] to pace up and down

b. [entre deux destinations] to come and go, to go to and fro

je n'ai fait qu'aller et venir toute la matinée I was in and out all morning

2. [se rendre - personne]

aller à to go to

en allant à Limoges on the way to Limoges

aller à la mer/à la montagne to go to the seaside/mountains

aller à l'université

a. [bâtiment] to go to the university

b. [institution] to go to university ou college

aller à la chasse/pêche to go hunting/fishing

où vas-tu? where are you going?

comment y va-t-on? how do you get there?

y aller: il y est allé en courant he ran there

on y va! let's go!

j'irai en avion/voiture I'll fly/drive, I'll go by plane/car

aller chez: aller chez un ami to go to see a friend, to go to a friend's

tu n'iras plus chez eux, tu m'entends? you will not visit them again, do you hear me?

aller dans: il a peur d'aller dans l'eau he's afraid to go into the water

je vais dans les Pyrénées I'm going to the Pyrenees

aller en: aller en Autriche to go ou to travel to Austria

aller en haut/bas to go up/down

aller vers: j'allais vers le nord I was heading ou going north

3. (suivi de l'infinitif) [pour se livrer à une activité]

aller faire quelque chose to go and do something, to go do something (US)

je vais faire mes courses tous les matins I go shopping every morning

va ramasser les poires dans le jardin go and pick the pears in the garden

va voir là-bas si j'y suis! (très familier) push off!, clear off!

va te faire voir (très familier) ou te faire foutre! (vulgaire) get lost! ou (UK) stuffed! (très familier), go to hell!

4. [mener - véhicule, chemin] to go

cette rue va vers le centre this street leads towards the city centre

aller droit au cœur de quelqu'un to go straight to somebody's heart

5. [fonctionner - machine] to go, to run ; [ - moteur] to run ; [ - voiture, train] to go

6. [se ranger - dans un contenant] to go, to belong ; [ - dans un ensemble] to fit

7. [être remis]

aller à to go to

l'argent collecté ira à une œuvre the collection will go ou be given to a charity

B.[S'ÉTENDRE]

1. [dans l'espace]

aller de... à...: leur propriété va de la rivière à la côte their land stretches from the river to the coast

le passage qui va de la page 35 à la page 43 the passage which goes from page 35 to page 43

aller jusqu'à

a. [vers le haut] to go ou to reach up to

b. [vers le bas] to go ou to reach down to

c. [en largeur, en longueur] to go to, to stretch as far as

2. [dans le temps]

aller de... à... to go from... to...

aller jusqu'à [bail, contrat] to run till

3. [dans une série]

aller de... à... to go ou to range from... to...

aller jusqu'à: les prix vont jusqu'à 8.000 euros prices go as high as 8,000 euros

C.[PROGRESSER]

1. [se dérouler]

aller vite/lentement to go fast/slow

plus ça va...: plus ça va, moins je comprends la politique the more I see of politics, the less I understand it

plus ça va, plus je l'aime I love her more each day

2. [personne]

aller jusqu'à: j'irai jusqu'à 1.000 euros pour le fauteuil I'll pay ou go up to 1,000 euros for the armchair

j'irais même jusqu'à dire que... I would even go so far as to say that...

sans aller jusque-là without going that far

aller sur ou vers [approcher de]: il va sur ou vers la cinquantaine he's getting on for ou going on 50

elle va sur ses cinq ans she's nearly ou almost five, she'll be five soon

aller à la faillite/l'échec to be heading for bankruptcy/failure

aller à sa ruine to be on the road to ruin

où va-t-on ou allons-nous s'il faut se barricader chez soi? what's the world coming to if people have to lock themselves in nowadays?

allons (droit) au fait let's get (straight) to the point

aller au plus pressé to do the most urgent thing first

D.[ÊTRE DANS TELLE OU TELLE SITUATION]

1. [en parlant de l'état de santé]

bonjour, comment ça va? — ça va hello, how are you? — all right

comment va la santé?, comment va? (familier) how are you keeping?

ça va? [après un choc] are you all right?

ça ne va pas du tout I'm not at all well

aller bien: je vais bien I'm fine ou well

ça va bien? are you OK?

aller mieux: elle va beaucoup mieux she's (feeling) much better

aller mal: il va mal he's not at all well, he's very poorly

ça va pas (bien) ou la tête!, ça va pas, non? (familier) you're off your head!, you must be mad!

ça va? — on fait aller (familier) ou il faut faire aller (familier) how are you? — mustn't grumble

2. [se passer]

comment vont les affaires? — elles vont bien how's business? — (it's doing) OK ou fine

ça va de moins en moins bien entre eux things have gone from bad to worse between them

les choses vont ou ça va mal things aren't too good ou aren't going too well

obéis-moi ou ça va mal aller (pour toi)! do as I say or you'll be in trouble!

comment ça va dans ton nouveau service? how are you getting on ou how are things in the new department?

quelque chose ne va pas? is there anything wrong ou the matter?

ça ne va pas tout seul ou sans problème it's not an ou it's no easy job

et le travail, ça va comme tu veux? (familier) is work going all right?

E.[EXPRIME L'ADÉQUATION]

1. [être seyant]

aller (bien) à quelqu'un

a. [taille d'un vêtement] to fit somebody

b. [style d'un vêtement] to suit somebody

le bleu lui va blue suits her, she looks good in blue

ça ne te va pas de parler vulgairement coarse language doesn't suit ou become you

ça te va bien de donner des conseils! (ironique) you're a fine one to give advice!

cela te va à ravir ou à merveille that looks wonderful on you, you look wonderful in that

2. [être en harmonie]

aller avec: aller avec quelque chose to go with ou to match something

j'ai acheté un chapeau pour aller avec ma veste I bought a hat to go with ou to match my jacket

aller ensemble

a. [couleurs, styles] to go well together, to match

b. [éléments d'une paire] to belong together

ils vont bien ensemble, ces deux-là! those two make quite a pair!

je trouve qu'ils vont très mal ensemble I think (that) they're an ill-matched couple ou they make a very odd pair

3. [convenir]

la clé de 12 devrait aller spanner number 12 should do (the job)

nos plats vont au four our dishes are oven-proof

tu veux de l'aide? — non, ça ira! do you want a hand? — no, I'll manage ou it's OK!

tu ne rajoutes pas de crème? — ça ira comme ça don't you want to add some cream? — that'll do (as it is) ou it's fine like this

ça ira pour aujourd'hui that'll be all for today, let's call it a day

pour un studio, ça peut aller as far as bedsits (UK) ou studio apartments (US) go, it's not too bad

aller à quelqu'un: on dînera après le spectacle — ça me va we'll go for dinner after the show — that's all right ou fine by me ou that suits me (fine)

F.[LOCUTIONS]

allez, un petit effort come on, put some effort into it

allez, je m'en vais! right, I'm going now!

zut, j'ai cassé un verre! — et allez (donc), le troisième en un mois! damn! I've broken a glass! — well done, that's the third in a month!

allez ou allons donc! [tu exagères] go on ou get away (with you)!,come off it!

allez-y! go on!, off you go!

allons-y! let's go!

allons-y, ne nous gênons pas! (ironique) don't mind me!

allons bon, j'ai perdu ma clef maintenant! oh no, now I've lost my key!

allons bon, voilà qu'il recommence à pleurer! here we go, he's crying again!

c'est mieux comme ça, va! it's better that way, you know!

(espèce de) frimeur, va! (familier) you show-off!

va donc, eh minable! (familier) get lost, you little creep!

ça va (familier) , ça va bien (familier) , ça va comme ça (familier) OK

je t'aurai prévenu! — ça va, ça va! don't say I didn't warn you! — OK, OK!

ça va comme ça hein, j'en ai assez de tes jérémiades! just shut up will you, I'm fed up with your moaning!

y aller (familier) : une fois que tu es sur le plongeoir, il faut y aller! once you're on the diving board, you've got to jump!

quand faut y aller, faut y aller when you've got to go, you've got to go

y aller [le faire]: vas-y doucement, c'est fragile gently ou easy does it, it's fragile

vas-y mollo avec le vin! (familier) go easy on the wine!

comme tu y vas (familier) /vous y allez (familier) : j'en veux 30 euros — comme tu y vas! I want 30 euros for it — isn't that a bit much?

ça y va: (familier) ça y va, les billets de 10 euros! 10 euro notes are going as if there was no tomorrow!

y aller de: aux réunions de famille, il y va toujours d'une ou de sa chansonnette every time there's a family gathering, he sings a little song

elle y est allée de sa petite larme (humoristique) she had a little cry

il ou cela ou ça va de soi (que) it goes without saying (that)

il ou cela ou ça va sans dire (que) it goes without saying (that)

il y va de: il y va de ta vie/carrière/réputation your life/career/reputation is at stake

il en va de... comme de...: il en va de la littérature comme de la peinture it's the same with literature as with painting

il en va de même pour: il n'en va pas de même pour toi the same doesn't apply to you

il en va autrement: il en irait autrement si ta mère était encore là things would be very different if your mother was still here

va pour le Saint-Émilion! (familier) all right ou OK then, we'll have the Saint-Emilion!

tout le monde est égoïste, si tu vas par là! everybody's selfish, if you look at it like that!

————————

s'en aller verbe pronominal intransitif

1. [partir - personne] to go

je lui donnerai la clé en m'en allant I'll give him the key on my way out

va-t'en! go away!

tous les jeunes s'en vont du village all the young people are leaving the village

va-t'en de là! get away from there!

2. [se défaire, se détacher] to come undone

3. (soutenu) [mourir - personne] to die, to pass away

4. [disparaître - tache] to come off, to go (away) ; [ - son] to fade away ; [ - forces] to fail ; [ - jeunesse] to pass ; [ - lumière, soleil, couleur] to fade (away) ; [ - peinture, vernis] to come off

ça s'en ira au lavage/avec du savon it'll come off in the wash/with soap

leur dernière lueur d'espoir s'en est allée their last glimmer of hope has gone ou vanished

5. (suivi de l'infinitif) [en intensif]

il s'en fut trouver le magicien off he went to find the wizard

je m'en vais lui dire ses quatre vérités! (familier) I'm going to tell her a few home truths!

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > aller

14 bei

bei [bai] präp

+dat

1) ( räumlich)

\bei jdm; ( in jds Wohn-/ Lebensbereich) with sb;

am Wochenende sind sie entweder \bei ihm oder \bei ihr at the weekend they will either be at his place or at hers;

dein Schlüssel müsste \bei dir in der Schreibtischschublade sein your key should be in your desk drawer;

\bei uns zu Hause wurde früher vor dem Essen immer gebetet we always used to say grace before a meal at our house;

\bei wem hast du die letzte Nacht verbracht? who did you spend last night with?;

ich war die ganze Zeit \bei meinen Eltern I was at my parents' [house] the whole time;

\bei Familie Schmidt ( Briefanschrift) c/o Schmidt

2) ( räumlich)

\bei jdm; ( in jds Unternehmensbereich/ Institution) in;

\bei wem lassen Sie Ihre Anzüge schneidern? who makes your suits?, who is your tailor?; sch from;

sie hat ihr Handwerk \bei einem sehr erfahrenen Meister gelernt she learnt her trade from a very experienced master craftsman;

\bei diesem Professor hören die Studenten immer gerne Vorlesungen the students always enjoy this professor's lectures;

\bei wem nimmst du Klavierstunden? who do you have your piano lessons with?;

( in einem Geschäft) at;

beim Bäcker/ Friseur at the baker's/hairdresser's;

( angestellt sein) for;

er ist [Beamter] \bei der Bahn/ Post/ beim Bund he works for the railways/post office/armed forces;

er ist neuerdings auch Redakteur \bei uns he joined us as an editor recently too;

seit wann bist du eigentlich \bei dieser Firma? how long have you been working for this company?;

er ist ein hohes Tier \bei der Post he is a big shot [or fish] at the post office

3) ( räumlich)

\bei jdm; (in jds [künstlerischem] Werk) in;

das Zitat steht irgendwo \bei Goethe the quotation comes from somewhere in Goethe;

\bei wem hast du denn das gelesen? where did you read that?;

das kannst du alles \bei Schopenhauer nachlesen you can look it all up in Schopenhauer

4) ( räumlich) ( mit sich führen oder haben);

\bei sich with;

etw \bei sich haben to have sth with [or on] one;

ich habe die Unterlagen leider nicht \bei mir I'm afraid I haven't got the papers with me;

ich habe gerade kein Geld \bei mir I haven't any money on me at the moment;

jdn \bei sich haben to have sb with one

5) ( räumlich)

\bei etw; ( in der Nähe von) near sth;

Böblingen ist eine Stadt \bei Stuttgart Böblingen is a town near Stuttgart

6) ( räumlich)

\bei etw; ( Berührung) by;

jdn \bei der Hand nehmen to take sb by the hand;

er packte sie grob \bei den Haaren he grabbed her roughly by the hair

7) (\bei einem Vorgehen)

\bei einer Aufführung/ Hochzeit/ einem Gottesdienst at a performance/wedding/church service;

\bei dem Zugunglück starben viele Menschen many people died in the train crash

8) ( räumlich)

\bei etw; (dazwischen, darunter) among;

die Unterlagen sind \bei den Akten the papers are amongst the files;

\bei den Demonstranten waren auch einige gewalttätige Chaoten there were also several violent hooligans among the demonstrators

9) ( ungefähr) around;

der Preis liegt \bei etwa 1.000 Euro the price is around [or about] 1,000 euros

10) (Zeitspanne: während) during;

ich habe \bei dem ganzen Film geschlafen I slept through the whole film;

\bei der Vorführung darf nicht geraucht werden smoking is not permitted during the performance;

unterbrechen Sie mich bitte nicht dauernd \bei meiner Rede! please stop interrupting my speech!; (Zeitspanne: Zeitpunkt betreffend) at;

\bei jds Abreise/ Ankunft on sb's departure/arrival;

ich hoffe, du bist \bei meiner Abreise auch zugegen I hope you will be there when I leave [or on my departure];

sei bitte \bei meinem Eintreffen auf dem Bahnhof! please be waiting for me at the station when I arrive!;

\bei Beginn der Vorstellung wurde die Beleuchtung im Kino langsam dunkler as the film began the lights in the cinema gradually went dim

11) ( während einer Tätigkeit) while;

beim Lesen kann ich nicht gleichzeitig Radio hören I cannot read and listen to the radio at the same time;

das ist mir beim Wäschebügeln eingefallen it occurred to me when [or as] [or while] I was ironing;

störe mich bitte nicht ständig \bei der Arbeit! please stop disturbing me constantly when I'm working!

12) ( Begleitumstände) by;

wir aßen \bei Kerzenlicht we had dinner by candlelight;

wir können das ja \bei einer Flasche Wein besprechen let's talk about it over a bottle of wine;

\bei Schnee ist Weihnachten immer am schönsten Christmas is always nicest when it snows;

\bei diesem Wetter setze ich keinen Fuß vor die Tür! I'm not setting foot outside the door in this weather!;

\bei dieser Hitze/ Kälte in such a heat/cold;

\bei Wind und Wetter come rain or shine

13) ( im Falle von etw) in case of;

„bei Feuer Scheibe einschlagen“ “in case of fire break glass”;

\bei 45º unter null at 45º below zero;

\bei Nebel/ Regen when it is foggy/raining, when there is fog/rain

14) (wegen, mit) with;

\bei deinen Fähigkeiten with your talents [or skills];

\bei der Sturheit, die er an den Tag legt, könnte man manchmal wirklich verzweifeln one could sometimes really despair at the stubbornness he shows;

\bei so viel Dummheit ist wirklich alle Liebesmüh vergebens all effort is futile in the face of such stupidity

15) ( trotz)

\bei all/aller... in spite of all, despite all;

\bei alledem... for [or despite] all that...

16) ( in Schwurformeln) by;

\bei meiner Ehre [up]on my honour;

ich schwöre es, \bei meiner toten Mutter! I swear on my mother's grave!;

\bei Gott! (veraltend) by God!;

„ich schwöre \bei Gott, die Wahrheit zu sagen und nichts als die Wahrheit“ “I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help me God”

WENDUNGEN:

nicht [ganz] \bei sich sein ( fam) to be not [quite] oneself

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > bei

15 Gehen

ge·hen

1. ge·hen <ging, gegangen> [ʼge:ən]

vi sein

1) ( sich fortbewegen)

[irgendwohin] \Gehen to go [somewhere]; ( zu Fuß) to walk [somewhere];

geh schon! go on!;

\Gehen wir! let's go!;

\Gehen wir oder fahren wir mit dem Auto? shall we walk or drive?;

ich gehe raus, frische Luft schnappen I'm going out for some fresh air;

gehst du heute in die Stadt/ auf die Post/zur Bank? are you going to town/to the post office/to the bank today?;

wann geht er nach Paris/ins Ausland? when is he going to Paris/abroad?;

in Urlaub \Gehen to go on holiday [or (Am) vacation];

auf die andere Straßenseite \Gehen to cross over to the other side of the street;

ich gehe eben mal schnell auf den Dachboden I'm just going up to the loft quickly;

[im Zimmer] auf und ab \Gehen to walk up and down [or pace] [the room];

in/ an etw akk \Gehen to go into/to sth;

ans Telefon \Gehen to answer the telephone;

über etw akk \Gehen to go over [or cross] sth;

zu jdm/etw \Gehen to go to sb/sth;

wie lange geht man bis zur Haltestelle/zur Post? how far is it to the bus stop/post office?;

kannst du für mich noch zum Metzger/Bäcker \Gehen? can/could you go to the butcher['s]/baker['s] for me?; s. a. Stelzen, Stock, weit

2) ( besuchen)

zu jdm \Gehen to go and visit [or see] sb;

in etw akk \Gehen to go to sth;

ins Theater/ in die Kirche/ Messe/Schule \Gehen to go to the theatre/to church/mass/school;

zu etw dat \Gehen to go to sth;

zu einem Vortrag/ zu einer Messe/zur Schule \Gehen to go to a lecture/to a [trade] fair/to school;

an etw akk \Gehen to go to sth;

an die Uni \Gehen to go to university;

auf etw akk \Gehen to go to sth;

aufs Gymnasium/auf einen Lehrgang \Gehen to go to [a] grammar school/on a course;

etw tun \Gehen to go to do sth;

schwimmen/ tanzen/ einkaufen/schlafen \Gehen to go swimming/dancing/shopping/to bed

3) ( tätig werden)

in etw akk \Gehen to go into [or enter] sth;

in die Industrie/ Politik/Computerbranche \Gehen to go into industry/politics/computers;

in die Partei/Gewerkschaft \Gehen to join the party/union;

zu etw dat \Gehen to join sth;

zum Film/ Radio/ Theater/zur Oper \Gehen to go into films/radio/on the stage/become an opera singer;

an etw akk \Gehen to join sth;

ans Gymnasium/an die Uni \Gehen to join the grammar school/university [as a teacher/lecturer]

4) ( weggehen) to go;

(abfahren a.) to leave;

ich muss jetzt \Gehen I have to be off [or must go];

wann geht der Zug nach Hamburg? when does the train to Hamburg leave?;

heute geht leider keine Fähre mehr there are no more ferries today, I'm afraid;

jdn \Gehen lassen ( davongehen lassen) to let sb go;

von uns gegangen sein;

(euph: gestorben sein) to have departed from us ( euph) s. a. Licht, Weg

5) ( blicken)

auf etw akk / nach etw akk \Gehen to look onto/towards sth;

die Fenster \Gehen auf das Meer/ den Strand the windows look [out] onto the sea/beach;

der Balkon ging nach Süden/ auf einen Parkplatz the balcony faced south/overlooked a car park

6) ( führen)

irgendwohin \Gehen to go somewhere;

die Brücke geht über den Fluss the bridge crosses the river;

ist das die Straße, die nach Oberstdorf geht? is that the road [or way] to Oberstdorf?;

wohin geht dieser Weg/Geheimgang? where does this path/secret passage go [or lead [to]] ?;

die Tür geht direkt auf unseren Parkplatz the door leads [or opens] directly onto our parking space;

von... bis/ über etw akk \Gehen to go from... to/via somewhere;

die nach Biberach \Gehende Reise the trip to Biberach;

dieser Rundweg geht über die Höhen des Schwarzwaldes this circular walk takes in the highest points [or peaks] of the Black Forest

7) ( ausscheiden)

[zu jdm] \Gehen to leave [for sb], to go [to sb];

er ist zu Klett gegangen he left to go to Klett;

gegangen werden ( hum) ( fam) to be given the push [or ( fam) the sack];

8) ( funktionieren) to work;

meine Uhr geht nicht mehr my watch has stopped

9) ( sich bewegen) to move;

ich hörte, wie die Tür ging I heard the door [go];

diese Schublade geht schwer this drawer is stiff;

vielleicht geht das Schloss wieder, wenn man es ölt perhaps the lock will work again if you oil it

10) ( gelingen)

[irgendwie] \Gehen to go [somehow];

wie ist die Prüfung gegangen? how was the exam [or did the exam go] ?;

zurzeit geht alles drunter und drüber things are a bit chaotic right now;

versuch's einfach, es geht ganz leicht just try it, it's really easy;

kannst du mir bitte erklären, wie das Spiel geht? can you please explain the rules of the game to me?;

wie soll das denn bloß \Gehen? just how is that supposed to work?

11) ökon ( laufen) to go;

das Geschäft geht vor Weihnachten immer gut business is always good before Christmas;

wie \Gehen die Geschäfte? how's business?;

der Export geht nur noch schleppend exports are sluggish;

( sich verkaufen) to sell;

diese teuren Zigarren \Gehen gut/ nicht gut these expensive cigars sell/don't sell well;

diese Pralinen \Gehen bei uns so schnell weg, wie sie reinkommen we sell these chocolates as soon as they come in

12) ( verlaufen)

[irgendwie] vor sich \Gehen to go on [or happen] [in a certain way];

erkläre mir mal, wie das vor sich \Gehen soll now just tell me how that's going to happen [or how it's going to work];

das kann auf verschiedene Arten vor sich \Gehen it can proceed in a variety of ways;

kannst du mir mal erklären, wie das vor sich geht, wenn man die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft annehmen will? can you explain the procedure for taking up German citizenship to me?;

was geht hier vor sich? ( fam) what's going on here?

13) ( hineinpassen)

in etw akk / durch etw akk \Gehen to go into/through sth;

es \Gehen über 450 Besucher in das neue Theater the new theatre holds over 450 people;

wie viele Leute \Gehen in deinen Wagen? how many people [can] fit in[to] your car?; s. a. Kopf

14) ( dauern) to go on;

eine bestimmte Zeit \Gehen to last a certain time;

dieser Film geht drei Stunden this film goes on for [or lasts] three hours;

der Film geht schon über eine Stunde the film has been on for over an hour already [or started over an hour ago];

15) ( reichen) to go;

[jdm] bis zu etw dat \Gehen to reach [sb's] sth;

das Wasser geht einem bis zur Hüfte the water comes up to one's hips;

der Rock geht ihr bis zum Knie the skirt goes down to her knee;

in etw akk \Gehen to run into sth;

in die Hunderte [o hunderte] / Tausende [o tausende] \Gehen to run into [the] hundreds/thousands

16) kochk Teig to rise

17) ( sich kleiden)

in etw dat \Gehen to wear sth;

( verkleidet sein)

als etw \Gehen to go as sth;

( gekleidet sein)

mit/ohne etw \Gehen to go with/without sth;

bei dem Nieselregen würde ich nicht ohne Schirm \Gehen I wouldn't go out in this drizzle without an umbrella;

sie geht auch im Winter nur mit einer dunklen Brille she wears dark glasses even in winter;

ich gehe besser nicht in Jeans dorthin I'd better not go there in jeans

18) ( ertönen) to ring

19) ( möglich sein)

[bei jdm] \Gehen to be all right [or ( fam) OK] [with sb];

haben Sie am nächsten Mittwoch Zeit? - nein, das geht [bei mir] nicht are you free next Wednesday? - no, that's no good [for me] [or I can't manage that];

das geht doch nicht! that's not on!;

ich muss mal telefonieren - geht das? I have to make a phone call - would that be alright?;

nichts geht mehr ( beim Roulette) no more bets;

( hoffnungslos sein) there's nothing more to be done

20) ( lauten) to go;

weißt du noch, wie das Lied ging? can you remember how the song went [or the words of the song] ?;

wie geht nochmal der Spruch? what's that saying again?, how does the saying go?

21) ( anfassen)

an etw akk \Gehen to touch sth;

um ihre Schulden zu bezahlen, musste sie an ihr Erspartes \Gehen she had to raid her savings to pay off her debts;

wer ist dieses Mal an meinen Computer gegangen? who's been messing around with my computer this time?

22) ( zufallen)

an jdn \Gehen to go to sb;

das Erbe/ der Punkt ging an sie the inheritance/point went to her;

der Vorsitz ging turnusmäßig an H. Lantermann H. Lantermann became chairman in rotation

23) ( beeinträchtigen)

[jdm] an etw akk \Gehen to damage [sb's] sth;

das geht [mir] ganz schön an die Nerven that really gets on my nerves;

das geht an die Kraft [o Substanz] that takes it out of you

24) (fam: angreifen)

auf etw akk \Gehen to attack sth;

das Rauchen geht auf die Lunge smoking affects the lungs;

das Klettern geht ganz schön auf die Pumpe climbing really puts a strain on the old ticker

25) ( gerichtet sein)

an jdn \Gehen to be addressed to sb;

gegen jdn/etw \Gehen to be directed against sb/sth;

das geht nicht gegen Sie, aber die Vorschriften! this isn't aimed at you, it's just the rules!;

das geht gegen meine Prinzipien/ Überzeugung that is [or goes] against my principles/convictions

26) (fam: liiert sein)

mit jdm \Gehen to go out with sb

27) ( urteilen)

nach etw dat \Gehen to go by sth;

der Richter ging in seinem Urteil nach der bisherigen Unbescholtenheit des Angeklagten on passing sentence the judge took into account the defendant's lack of previous convictions;

nach dem, was er sagt, kann man nicht \Gehen you can't go by what he says

28) ( überschreiten)

zu weit \Gehen to go too far, to overstep the line;

das geht zu weit! that's just too much!

29) ( übersteigen)

über jds Geduld \Gehen to exhaust sb's patience;

über jds Kräfte/Möglichkeiten \Gehen to be too much for [or beyond] sb;

das geht einfach über meine finanziellen Möglichkeiten I just don't have the finances for that;

30) (hum: werden zu)

unter die Politiker/ Künstler/Säufer \Gehen to join the ranks of politicians/artists/alcoholics

31) (fam: akzeptabel sein) to be OK;

er geht gerade noch, aber seine Frau ist furchtbar he's just about OK [or tolerable] but his wife is awful;

wie ist das Hotel? - es geht [so] how's the hotel? - it's ok;

ist das zu klein? - nein, das geht [so] is it too small? - no, it's ok like this

32) ( Altersangabe)

auf die... \Gehen + Zahl to be approaching...;

er geht auf die dreißig he's approaching [or coming up for] thirty

WENDUNGEN:

wo jd geht und steht ( fam) wherever [or no matter where] sb goes [or is];

in sich akk \Gehen to turn one's gaze inward, to take stock of oneself;

Mensch, geh in dich! for heaven's sake, think again!;

\Gehen Sie [mir] mit... ( fam) spare [me]...;

\Gehen Sie [mir] doch mit Ihren Ausreden! spare me your excuses, please!;

jdm °über alles \Gehen to mean more to sb than anything else;

das Kind geht mir über alles! that child means the whole world to me!;

es geht nichts °über jdn/ etw nothing beats sb/sth, there's nothing better than [or to beat]; [or like] sb/sth;

[ach] geh,...! ( fam) [oh] come on,...!;

ach geh, das kann doch nicht dein Ernst sein! oh come on, you can't be serious!;

geh, so was kannst du sonst wem erzählen! go and tell that to the marines!;

geh! (österr, südd) get away!;

geh, was du nicht sagst! go on, you're kidding!; s. a. Konto

vi impers sein

1) + adv ( sich befinden)

jdm geht es... sb feels...;

wie geht es Ihnen? - danke, mir geht es gut/ausgezeichnet! how are you? - thank you, I am well/I'm feeling marvellous!;

mir ist es schon mal besser gegangen! I have felt better!;

nach der Spritze ging es ihr gleich wieder besser she soon felt better again after the injection;

wie geht's denn [so]? ( fam) how are things?, how's it going?

2) + adv ( verlaufen)

irgendwie \Gehen to go somehow;

wie war denn die Prüfung? - ach, es ging ganz gut how was the exam? - oh, it went quite well;

es ging wie geschmiert it went like clockwork

3) ( sich handeln um)

[bei etw dat] um etw akk \Gehen to be about sth;

um was geht's denn? what's it about then?;

worum geht's denn? what's it all about then?;

in dem Gespräch ging es um die zugesagte Gehaltserhöhung the conversation was about the promised increase in salary;

worum geht es in diesem Film? what is this film about?;

hierbei geht es um meinen guten Ruf my reputation is at stake [or on the line] here;

hierbei geht es um Millionen we're talking millions here ( fam), there are millions involved here;

wenn es um mein Glück geht, lasse ich mir von niemandem dreinreden when it comes to my happiness I don't let anyone tell me what to do;

es geht hier um eine wichtige Entscheidung there is an important decision to be made here;

wenn es nur um ein paar Minuten geht, warten wir we'll wait if it's just a question [or matter] of a few minutes

4) ( wichtig sein)

jdm geht es um etw akk sth matters to sb;

worum geht es dir eigentlich? what are you trying to say?;

es geht mir nur ums Geld/ um die Wahrheit I'm only interested in the money/truth;

es geht mir ums Prinzip it's a matter [or question] of principle; s. a. Leben

5) ( ergehen)

jdm geht es irgendwie to be somehow with sb;

mir ist es ähnlich/ genauso/ nicht anders gegangen it was the same [or like that] /just the same [or just like that] /no different with me, I felt the same/just the same/no different;

warum soll es dir etwa besser \Gehen als mir? why should you have it better than me?;

lass es dir/lasst es euch gut \Gehen! look after [or take care of] yourself!

6) ( sich machen lassen) to be all right;

geht es, dass ihr uns zu Weihnachten besuchen kommt? will it be possible for you to visit us at Christmas?;

das wird kaum \Gehen, wir sind über Weihnachten verreist that won't be possible [or work], we're away for Christmas;

ich werde arbeiten, solange es geht I shall go on [or continue] working as long as possible;

geht es, oder soll ich dir tragen helfen? can you manage, or shall I help you carry it/them;

es geht einfach nicht mehr it won't do any more

7) ( führen)

nach/ in etw akk \Gehen to go [or lead] somewhere;

erst fahren Sie über drei Ampeln, dann geht es rechts ab go past three traffic lights then turn right;

wohin geht's eigentlich im Urlaub? just where are you off to on holiday?;

auf, Leute, es geht wieder nach Hause come on people, it's time to go home;

das nächste Mal geht's in die Berge/ an die See we're off to [or heading for] the mountains/coast next time;

im Sommer geht es immer in den Süden we always go [or head] south for the summer;

gleich geht's ins Wochenende soon it'll be the weekend;

wo geht's hier zum Flughafen? how do I get to the airport from here?;

wo geht es hier raus? where is the exit?; s. a. geradeaus

8) (nach jds Kopf \Gehen)

nach jdm \Gehen to go by sb;

wenn es nach mir ginge if it were up to me;

es kann nicht immer alles nach dir \Gehen you can't always have things your own way

WENDUNGEN:

aber sonst geht's dir gut? (?) but you're OK otherwise?, are you feeling all right?, are you quite right in the head?;

auf geht's! let's go!, come on!;

es geht das Gerücht/die Sage, dass... rumour/legend has it that...;

geht's noch!? ( SCHWEIZ) ( iron) are you crazy?!

vt sein;

etw \Gehen to walk sth;

Sie haben aber noch drei Stunden/17 Kilometer zu \Gehen! you've still got another three hours/17 kilometres to go!;

ich gehe immer diesen Weg/ diese Straße I always walk this way/take this road

vr haben

1) impers

es geht sich schlecht hier it's hard going [or hard to walk] here;

in diesen Schuhen geht es sich bequem these shoes are very comfortable for walking [or to walk in];

2) ( sich nicht beherrschen)

sich \Gehen lassen to lose control of oneself [or one's self-control]; ( nachlässig sein) to let oneself go

2. Ge·hen <-s> [ʼge:ən] nt

kein pl

1) (Zu-Fuß-\Gehen) walking

2) ( das Weggehen) going, leaving;

schon im \Gehen, wandte sie sich noch einmal um she turned round once more as she left;

sein frühes/vorzeitiges \Gehen his early departure

3) sport walking

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Gehen

16 gehen

ge·hen

1. ge·hen <ging, gegangen> [ʼge:ən]

vi sein

1) ( sich fortbewegen)

[irgendwohin] \gehen to go [somewhere]; ( zu Fuß) to walk [somewhere];

geh schon! go on!;

\gehen wir! let's go!;

\gehen wir oder fahren wir mit dem Auto? shall we walk or drive?;

ich gehe raus, frische Luft schnappen I'm going out for some fresh air;

gehst du heute in die Stadt/ auf die Post/zur Bank? are you going to town/to the post office/to the bank today?;

wann geht er nach Paris/ins Ausland? when is he going to Paris/abroad?;

in Urlaub \gehen to go on holiday [or (Am) vacation];

auf die andere Straßenseite \gehen to cross over to the other side of the street;

ich gehe eben mal schnell auf den Dachboden I'm just going up to the loft quickly;

[im Zimmer] auf und ab \gehen to walk up and down [or pace] [the room];

in/ an etw akk \gehen to go into/to sth;

ans Telefon \gehen to answer the telephone;

über etw akk \gehen to go over [or cross] sth;

zu jdm/etw \gehen to go to sb/sth;

wie lange geht man bis zur Haltestelle/zur Post? how far is it to the bus stop/post office?;

kannst du für mich noch zum Metzger/Bäcker \gehen? can/could you go to the butcher['s]/baker['s] for me?; s. a. Stelzen, Stock, weit

2) ( besuchen)

zu jdm \gehen to go and visit [or see] sb;

in etw akk \gehen to go to sth;

ins Theater/ in die Kirche/ Messe/Schule \gehen to go to the theatre/to church/mass/school;

zu etw dat \gehen to go to sth;

zu einem Vortrag/ zu einer Messe/zur Schule \gehen to go to a lecture/to a [trade] fair/to school;

an etw akk \gehen to go to sth;

an die Uni \gehen to go to university;

auf etw akk \gehen to go to sth;

aufs Gymnasium/auf einen Lehrgang \gehen to go to [a] grammar school/on a course;

etw tun \gehen to go to do sth;

schwimmen/ tanzen/ einkaufen/schlafen \gehen to go swimming/dancing/shopping/to bed

3) ( tätig werden)

in etw akk \gehen to go into [or enter] sth;

in die Industrie/ Politik/Computerbranche \gehen to go into industry/politics/computers;

in die Partei/Gewerkschaft \gehen to join the party/union;

zu etw dat \gehen to join sth;

zum Film/ Radio/ Theater/zur Oper \gehen to go into films/radio/on the stage/become an opera singer;

an etw akk \gehen to join sth;

ans Gymnasium/an die Uni \gehen to join the grammar school/university [as a teacher/lecturer]

4) ( weggehen) to go;

(abfahren a.) to leave;

ich muss jetzt \gehen I have to be off [or must go];

wann geht der Zug nach Hamburg? when does the train to Hamburg leave?;

heute geht leider keine Fähre mehr there are no more ferries today, I'm afraid;

jdn \gehen lassen ( davongehen lassen) to let sb go;

von uns gegangen sein;

(euph: gestorben sein) to have departed from us ( euph) s. a. Licht, Weg

5) ( blicken)

auf etw akk / nach etw akk \gehen to look onto/towards sth;

die Fenster \gehen auf das Meer/ den Strand the windows look [out] onto the sea/beach;

der Balkon ging nach Süden/ auf einen Parkplatz the balcony faced south/overlooked a car park

6) ( führen)

irgendwohin \gehen to go somewhere;

die Brücke geht über den Fluss the bridge crosses the river;

ist das die Straße, die nach Oberstdorf geht? is that the road [or way] to Oberstdorf?;

wohin geht dieser Weg/Geheimgang? where does this path/secret passage go [or lead [to]] ?;

die Tür geht direkt auf unseren Parkplatz the door leads [or opens] directly onto our parking space;

von... bis/ über etw akk \gehen to go from... to/via somewhere;

die nach Biberach \gehende Reise the trip to Biberach;

dieser Rundweg geht über die Höhen des Schwarzwaldes this circular walk takes in the highest points [or peaks] of the Black Forest

7) ( ausscheiden)

[zu jdm] \gehen to leave [for sb], to go [to sb];

er ist zu Klett gegangen he left to go to Klett;

gegangen werden ( hum) ( fam) to be given the push [or ( fam) the sack];

8) ( funktionieren) to work;

meine Uhr geht nicht mehr my watch has stopped

9) ( sich bewegen) to move;

ich hörte, wie die Tür ging I heard the door [go];

diese Schublade geht schwer this drawer is stiff;

vielleicht geht das Schloss wieder, wenn man es ölt perhaps the lock will work again if you oil it

10) ( gelingen)

[irgendwie] \gehen to go [somehow];

wie ist die Prüfung gegangen? how was the exam [or did the exam go] ?;

zurzeit geht alles drunter und drüber things are a bit chaotic right now;

versuch's einfach, es geht ganz leicht just try it, it's really easy;

kannst du mir bitte erklären, wie das Spiel geht? can you please explain the rules of the game to me?;

wie soll das denn bloß \gehen? just how is that supposed to work?

11) ökon ( laufen) to go;

das Geschäft geht vor Weihnachten immer gut business is always good before Christmas;

wie \gehen die Geschäfte? how's business?;

der Export geht nur noch schleppend exports are sluggish;

( sich verkaufen) to sell;

diese teuren Zigarren \gehen gut/ nicht gut these expensive cigars sell/don't sell well;

diese Pralinen \gehen bei uns so schnell weg, wie sie reinkommen we sell these chocolates as soon as they come in

12) ( verlaufen)

[irgendwie] vor sich \gehen to go on [or happen] [in a certain way];

erkläre mir mal, wie das vor sich \gehen soll now just tell me how that's going to happen [or how it's going to work];

das kann auf verschiedene Arten vor sich \gehen it can proceed in a variety of ways;

kannst du mir mal erklären, wie das vor sich geht, wenn man die deutsche Staatsbürgerschaft annehmen will? can you explain the procedure for taking up German citizenship to me?;

was geht hier vor sich? ( fam) what's going on here?

13) ( hineinpassen)

in etw akk / durch etw akk \gehen to go into/through sth;

es \gehen über 450 Besucher in das neue Theater the new theatre holds over 450 people;

wie viele Leute \gehen in deinen Wagen? how many people [can] fit in[to] your car?; s. a. Kopf

14) ( dauern) to go on;

eine bestimmte Zeit \gehen to last a certain time;

dieser Film geht drei Stunden this film goes on for [or lasts] three hours;

der Film geht schon über eine Stunde the film has been on for over an hour already [or started over an hour ago];

15) ( reichen) to go;

[jdm] bis zu etw dat \gehen to reach [sb's] sth;

das Wasser geht einem bis zur Hüfte the water comes up to one's hips;

der Rock geht ihr bis zum Knie the skirt goes down to her knee;

in etw akk \gehen to run into sth;

in die Hunderte [o hunderte] / Tausende [o tausende] \gehen to run into [the] hundreds/thousands

16) kochk Teig to rise

17) ( sich kleiden)

in etw dat \gehen to wear sth;

( verkleidet sein)

als etw \gehen to go as sth;

( gekleidet sein)

mit/ohne etw \gehen to go with/without sth;

bei dem Nieselregen würde ich nicht ohne Schirm \gehen I wouldn't go out in this drizzle without an umbrella;

sie geht auch im Winter nur mit einer dunklen Brille she wears dark glasses even in winter;

ich gehe besser nicht in Jeans dorthin I'd better not go there in jeans

18) ( ertönen) to ring

19) ( möglich sein)

[bei jdm] \gehen to be all right [or ( fam) OK] [with sb];

haben Sie am nächsten Mittwoch Zeit? - nein, das geht [bei mir] nicht are you free next Wednesday? - no, that's no good [for me] [or I can't manage that];

das geht doch nicht! that's not on!;

ich muss mal telefonieren - geht das? I have to make a phone call - would that be alright?;

nichts geht mehr ( beim Roulette) no more bets;

( hoffnungslos sein) there's nothing more to be done

20) ( lauten) to go;

weißt du noch, wie das Lied ging? can you remember how the song went [or the words of the song] ?;

wie geht nochmal der Spruch? what's that saying again?, how does the saying go?

21) ( anfassen)

an etw akk \gehen to touch sth;

um ihre Schulden zu bezahlen, musste sie an ihr Erspartes \gehen she had to raid her savings to pay off her debts;

wer ist dieses Mal an meinen Computer gegangen? who's been messing around with my computer this time?

22) ( zufallen)

an jdn \gehen to go to sb;

das Erbe/ der Punkt ging an sie the inheritance/point went to her;

der Vorsitz ging turnusmäßig an H. Lantermann H. Lantermann became chairman in rotation

23) ( beeinträchtigen)

[jdm] an etw akk \gehen to damage [sb's] sth;

das geht [mir] ganz schön an die Nerven that really gets on my nerves;

das geht an die Kraft [o Substanz] that takes it out of you

24) (fam: angreifen)

auf etw akk \gehen to attack sth;

das Rauchen geht auf die Lunge smoking affects the lungs;

das Klettern geht ganz schön auf die Pumpe climbing really puts a strain on the old ticker

25) ( gerichtet sein)

an jdn \gehen to be addressed to sb;

gegen jdn/etw \gehen to be directed against sb/sth;

das geht nicht gegen Sie, aber die Vorschriften! this isn't aimed at you, it's just the rules!;

das geht gegen meine Prinzipien/ Überzeugung that is [or goes] against my principles/convictions

26) (fam: liiert sein)

mit jdm \gehen to go out with sb

27) ( urteilen)

nach etw dat \gehen to go by sth;

der Richter ging in seinem Urteil nach der bisherigen Unbescholtenheit des Angeklagten on passing sentence the judge took into account the defendant's lack of previous convictions;

nach dem, was er sagt, kann man nicht \gehen you can't go by what he says

28) ( überschreiten)

zu weit \gehen to go too far, to overstep the line;

das geht zu weit! that's just too much!

29) ( übersteigen)

über jds Geduld \gehen to exhaust sb's patience;

über jds Kräfte/Möglichkeiten \gehen to be too much for [or beyond] sb;

das geht einfach über meine finanziellen Möglichkeiten I just don't have the finances for that;

30) (hum: werden zu)

unter die Politiker/ Künstler/Säufer \gehen to join the ranks of politicians/artists/alcoholics

31) (fam: akzeptabel sein) to be OK;

er geht gerade noch, aber seine Frau ist furchtbar he's just about OK [or tolerable] but his wife is awful;

wie ist das Hotel? - es geht [so] how's the hotel? - it's ok;

ist das zu klein? - nein, das geht [so] is it too small? - no, it's ok like this

32) ( Altersangabe)

auf die... \gehen + Zahl to be approaching...;

er geht auf die dreißig he's approaching [or coming up for] thirty

WENDUNGEN:

wo jd geht und steht ( fam) wherever [or no matter where] sb goes [or is];

in sich akk \gehen to turn one's gaze inward, to take stock of oneself;

Mensch, geh in dich! for heaven's sake, think again!;

\gehen Sie [mir] mit... ( fam) spare [me]...;

\gehen Sie [mir] doch mit Ihren Ausreden! spare me your excuses, please!;

jdm °über alles \gehen to mean more to sb than anything else;

das Kind geht mir über alles! that child means the whole world to me!;

es geht nichts °über jdn/ etw nothing beats sb/sth, there's nothing better than [or to beat]; [or like] sb/sth;

[ach] geh,...! ( fam) [oh] come on,...!;

ach geh, das kann doch nicht dein Ernst sein! oh come on, you can't be serious!;

geh, so was kannst du sonst wem erzählen! go and tell that to the marines!;

geh! (österr, südd) get away!;

geh, was du nicht sagst! go on, you're kidding!; s. a. Konto

vi impers sein

1) + adv ( sich befinden)

jdm geht es... sb feels...;

wie geht es Ihnen? - danke, mir geht es gut/ausgezeichnet! how are you? - thank you, I am well/I'm feeling marvellous!;

mir ist es schon mal besser gegangen! I have felt better!;

nach der Spritze ging es ihr gleich wieder besser she soon felt better again after the injection;

wie geht's denn [so]? ( fam) how are things?, how's it going?

2) + adv ( verlaufen)

irgendwie \gehen to go somehow;

wie war denn die Prüfung? - ach, es ging ganz gut how was the exam? - oh, it went quite well;

es ging wie geschmiert it went like clockwork

3) ( sich handeln um)

[bei etw dat] um etw akk \gehen to be about sth;

um was geht's denn? what's it about then?;

worum geht's denn? what's it all about then?;

in dem Gespräch ging es um die zugesagte Gehaltserhöhung the conversation was about the promised increase in salary;

worum geht es in diesem Film? what is this film about?;

hierbei geht es um meinen guten Ruf my reputation is at stake [or on the line] here;

hierbei geht es um Millionen we're talking millions here ( fam), there are millions involved here;

wenn es um mein Glück geht, lasse ich mir von niemandem dreinreden when it comes to my happiness I don't let anyone tell me what to do;

es geht hier um eine wichtige Entscheidung there is an important decision to be made here;

wenn es nur um ein paar Minuten geht, warten wir we'll wait if it's just a question [or matter] of a few minutes

4) ( wichtig sein)

jdm geht es um etw akk sth matters to sb;

worum geht es dir eigentlich? what are you trying to say?;

es geht mir nur ums Geld/ um die Wahrheit I'm only interested in the money/truth;

es geht mir ums Prinzip it's a matter [or question] of principle; s. a. Leben

5) ( ergehen)

jdm geht es irgendwie to be somehow with sb;

mir ist es ähnlich/ genauso/ nicht anders gegangen it was the same [or like that] /just the same [or just like that] /no different with me, I felt the same/just the same/no different;

warum soll es dir etwa besser \gehen als mir? why should you have it better than me?;

lass es dir/lasst es euch gut \gehen! look after [or take care of] yourself!

6) ( sich machen lassen) to be all right;

geht es, dass ihr uns zu Weihnachten besuchen kommt? will it be possible for you to visit us at Christmas?;

das wird kaum \gehen, wir sind über Weihnachten verreist that won't be possible [or work], we're away for Christmas;

ich werde arbeiten, solange es geht I shall go on [or continue] working as long as possible;

geht es, oder soll ich dir tragen helfen? can you manage, or shall I help you carry it/them;

es geht einfach nicht mehr it won't do any more

7) ( führen)

nach/ in etw akk \gehen to go [or lead] somewhere;

erst fahren Sie über drei Ampeln, dann geht es rechts ab go past three traffic lights then turn right;

wohin geht's eigentlich im Urlaub? just where are you off to on holiday?;

auf, Leute, es geht wieder nach Hause come on people, it's time to go home;

das nächste Mal geht's in die Berge/ an die See we're off to [or heading for] the mountains/coast next time;

im Sommer geht es immer in den Süden we always go [or head] south for the summer;

gleich geht's ins Wochenende soon it'll be the weekend;

wo geht's hier zum Flughafen? how do I get to the airport from here?;

wo geht es hier raus? where is the exit?; s. a. geradeaus

8) (nach jds Kopf \gehen)

nach jdm \gehen to go by sb;

wenn es nach mir ginge if it were up to me;

es kann nicht immer alles nach dir \gehen you can't always have things your own way

WENDUNGEN:

aber sonst geht's dir gut? (?) but you're OK otherwise?, are you feeling all right?, are you quite right in the head?;

auf geht's! let's go!, come on!;

es geht das Gerücht/die Sage, dass... rumour/legend has it that...;

geht's noch!? ( SCHWEIZ) ( iron) are you crazy?!

vt sein;

etw \gehen to walk sth;

Sie haben aber noch drei Stunden/17 Kilometer zu \gehen! you've still got another three hours/17 kilometres to go!;

ich gehe immer diesen Weg/ diese Straße I always walk this way/take this road

vr haben

1) impers

es geht sich schlecht hier it's hard going [or hard to walk] here;

in diesen Schuhen geht es sich bequem these shoes are very comfortable for walking [or to walk in];

2) ( sich nicht beherrschen)

sich \gehen lassen to lose control of oneself [or one's self-control]; ( nachlässig sein) to let oneself go

2. Ge·hen <-s> [ʼge:ən] nt

kein pl

1) (Zu-Fuß-\gehen) walking

2) ( das Weggehen) going, leaving;

schon im \gehen, wandte sie sich noch einmal um she turned round once more as she left;

sein frühes/vorzeitiges \gehen his early departure

3) sport walking

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > gehen

17 zu

zu [tsu:] präp +dat,

to

1) ( wohin) to;

ich muss gleich \zum Arzt/\zum Bäcker/\zum Supermarkt I must go to the doctor's/baker's/supermarket;

\zur Stadt/ Stadtmitte gehen to go to town/the town centre;

wie weit ist es von hier \zum Bahnhof? how far is it from here to the train station?;

wie komme ich [von hier] \zur Post? how do I get [from here] to the post office?;

\zum Militär gehen to join the army;

\zum Theater gehen to go on the stage [or into the theatre];

\zum Schwimmbad geht es da lang! the swimming pool is that way!;

fahr mich bitte \zur Arbeit/ Kirche/ Schule please drive me to work/church/school;

\zu Fuß/ Pferd on foot/horseback;

\zu Fuß gehen Sie etwa 20 Minuten it will take you about 20 minutes on foot;

\zu Schiff by ship [or sea];

2) (örtlich: Richtung)

\zum Fenster herein/ hinaus in/out of the window;

\zur Tür herein/ hinaus in/out the door;

\zum Himmel weisen to point heavenwards [or up at the heavens];

\zur Decke sehen to look [up] at the ceiling;

\zu jdm/ etw hinaufsehen to look up at sb/sth;

das Zimmer liegt \zur Straße hin the room looks out onto the street;

\zum Meer/ zur Stadtmitte hin towards the sea/town [or city centre];

der Kerl vom Nachbartisch sieht dauernd \zu uns hin the bloke at the next table keeps looking across at us

3) ( neben)

\zu jdm/ etw next to sb/sth;

etw \zu etw legen;

legen Sie \zu den Tellern bitte jeweils eine Serviette! put one serviette next to each plate;

darf ich mich \zu Ihnen setzen? may I sit next to [or beside] you?;

setz dich \zu uns [come and] sit with us;

etw \zu etw tragen to wear sth with sth

4) zeitlich at;

\zu Ostern/ Pfingsten/ Weihnachten at Easter/Whitsun/Christmas;

letztes Jahr \zu Weihnachten last Christmas;

\zu früher/ später Stunde at an early/late hour;

\zu Mittag at [or by] midday/noon;

[bis] \zum 31. Dezember/ Montag/ Abend until [or by] 31st December/Monday/[this] evening;

\zum Wochenende fahren wir weg we are going away at [or (Am) on] the weekend;

\zum 1. Januar fällig due on January 1st;

\zum Monatsende kündigen to give in one's notice for [or to take effect from] the end of the month; s. a. Anfang, Schluss, Zeit

5) (anlässlich einer S.)

etw \zum Geburtstag/\zu Weihnachten bekommen to get sth for one's birthday/for Christmas;

\zu Ihrem 80. Geburtstag ( geh) on the occasion of your 80th birthday;

jdm \zu etw gratulieren to congratulate sb on sth;

jdn \zum Essen einladen to invite sb for a meal;

Ausstellung \zum Jahrestag seines Todes exhibition to mark the anniversary of his death;

\zu dieser Frage möchte ich Folgendes sagen to this question I should like to say the following;

was sagst du \zu diesen Preisen? what do you say to these prices?;

eine Rede \zum Thema Umwelt a speech on the subject of the environment;

jdn \zu etw vernehmen to question sb about sth

6) ( für etw bestimmt)

Papier \zum Schreiben paper to write on, writing paper;

Wasser \zum Trinken drinking water;

der Knopf \zum Abstellen the off-button;

das Zeichen \zum Aufbruch the signal to leave;

etw \zur Antwort geben to say sth in reply;

\zu nichts taugen/\zu nichts zu gebrauchen sein to be no use at all;

mögen Sie Milch/Zucker \zum Kaffee? do you take your coffee with milk [or white] /with sugar;

\zum Frühstück trinkt sie immer Tee she always has tea at breakfast

7) ( um etw herbeizuführen)

\zur Einführung... by way of an introduction...;

\zu seiner Entschuldigung/\zur Erklärung in apology/explanation, by way of an apology/explanation;

sie sagte das nur \zu seiner Beruhigung she said that just to set his mind at rest;

\zu was ( fam) for what, why;

\zu was soll das gut sein? what do you need that for?, what is that for?

8) mit Infinitiv

bei dem Regenwetter habe ich keine Lust zum Wandern I don't fancy walking if it is raining;

wir haben nichts \zum Essen we have nothing to eat;

gib dem Kind doch etwas \zum Spielen give the child something to play with;

auf die Reise habe ich mir etwas \zum Lesen mitgenommen I've brought something to read on the trip;

das ist ja \zum Lachen that's ridiculous [or really funny];

das ist \zum Weinen it's enough to make you want to cry [or weep];

9) ( Veränderung)

\zu etw werden to turn into [or become] sth;

manch einer wird aus Armut \zum Dieb often it is poverty that turns sb into a thief;

wieder \zu Staub werden to [re]turn to dust;

jdn/etw \zu etw machen to make sb/sth into sth;

jdn \zum Manne machen to make a man of sb;

\zum Kapitän befördert werden to be promoted to captain;

\zum Vorsitzenden gewählt werden to be elected to [or chosen for] the post of chairman;

\zu Asche verbrennen to burn to ashes;

etw \zu Pulver zermahlen to grind sth [in]to powder

10) ( Beziehung)

Liebe \zu jdm love for sb;

aus Freundschaft \zu jdm because of one's friendship with sb;

das Vertrauen \zu jdm/ etw trust in sb/sth;

meine Beziehung \zu ihr my relationship with her

11) ( im Verhältnis zu) in relation [or proportion] to;

im Vergleich \zu in comparison with, compared to;

im Verhältnis 1 \zu 4 math in the ratio of one to four;

unsere Chancen stehen 50 \zu 50 our chances are fifty-fifty

12) ( einer Sache zugehörig)

\zu den Lehrbüchern gehören auch Kassetten there are cassettes to go with the text books;

wo ist der Korken \zu der Flasche? where is the cork for this bottle?;

mir fehlt nur der Schlüssel \zu dieser Tür I've only got to find the key to this door

13) sport

Bayern München gewann mit 5 \zu 1 Bayern Munich won five-one;

das Fußballspiel ging unentschieden 0 \zu 0 aus the football match ended in a nil-nil draw

14) bei Mengenangaben

\zu drei Prozent at three percent;

diese Äpfel habe ich \zu zwei Euro das Stück gekauft I bought these apples for [or at] two euros each;

sechs [Stück] \zu fünfzig Cent six for fifty cents;

\zum halben Preis at half price;

wir sind \zu fünft in den Urlaub gefahren five of us went on holiday together;

sie kommen immer \zu zweit those two always come as a pair;

der Pulli ist nur \zur Hälfte fertig the jumper is only half finished;

hast du das Buch nur \zu einem Viertel gelesen? have you only read a quarter of the book?;

\zum ersten Mal for the first time;

\zum Ersten..., \zum Zweiten firstly..., secondly;

\zum Ersten, \zum Zweiten, \zum Dritten ( bei Auktionen) going once, going twice, sold

15) (örtlich: Lage) in;

der Dom \zu Köln the cathedral in Cologne, Cologne cathedral;

der Reichstag \zu Worms (hist) the Diet of Worms;

\zu Hause at home;

\zu seiner Rechten/Linken... on his right/left [hand side]...;

\zu Lande und \zu Wasser on land and sea;

jdm \zur Seite sitzen ( geh) to sit at sb's side;

sich \zu Tisch setzen ( geh) to sit down to dinner

16) ( bei Namen)

der Graf \zu Blaubeuren the Count of Blaubeuren;

der Gasthof \zum blauen Engel the Blue Angel Inn

17) ( als)

jdn \zum Präsidenten wählen to elect as president;

jdn \zu etw ernennen to nominate sb for sth;

er machte sie \zu seiner Frau he made her his wife;

er nahm sie \zur Frau he took her as his wife;

jdn/etw \zum Vorbild nehmen to take sb/sth as one's example, to model oneself on sb/sth;

\zum Arzt geboren sein to be born to be a doctor

18) ( in Wendungen)

\zu Deutsch (veraltet) in German;

\zum Beispiel for example;

\zur Belohnung as a reward;

\zur Beurteilung/ Einsicht for inspection;

\zum Gedächtnis von jdm in memory of sb, in sb's memory;

\zum Glück luckily;

\zu Hilfe help;

jdm \zu Hilfe kommen to come to sb's aid;

\zum Lobe von jdm/ etw in praise of sb/sth;

\zur Probe as a trial [or test];

\zur Ansicht on approval;

\zur Strafe as a punishment;

\zur Unterschrift for signature [or signing];

\zur Warnung as a warning;

\zu jds Bestem/ Vorteil sein to be for one's own good/to one's advantage → bis

19) ( SCHWEIZ) ( in Wendungen)

\zur Hauptsache mainly;

\zum voraus in front of;

\zum vorn[e]herein from in front;

\zum Rechten schauen to look to the right

adv

inv

1) (all\zu) too;

\zu sehr too much;

er hat sich nicht \zu sehr bemüht he didn't try too [or very] hard;

ich wäre \zu gern mitgefahren I would have loved to have gone along

2) ( geschlossen) shut, closed;

dreh den Wasserhahn \zu! turn the tap off!;

Tür \zu, es zieht! shut the door, there's a draught!;

mach die Augen \zu, ich hab da was für dich close your eyes, I've got sth for you;

die Geschäfte haben sonntags \zu stores are closed on Sundays;

\zu sein to be shut [or closed];

3) ( örtlich) towards;

nach hinten/vorne \zu towards the back/front;

dem Ausgang \zu towards the exit

4) (fam: betrunken sein)

\zu sein to be pissed (fam!), to have had a skinful ( fam)

5) ( in Wendungen)

dann mal \zu! go ahead, off we go;

immer/nur \zu! go ahead;

schimpf nur \zu, es hilft doch nichts go on, scream, it won't do any good;

mach \zu hurry up, get a move on;

lauf schon \zu, ich komme nach you go on [or go on ahead], I'll catch up

konj

1) mit Infinitiv to;

etw \zu essen sth to eat;

dieser Auftrag ist unverzüglich \zu erledigen this task must be completed straight away;

ich habe heute einiges \zu erledigen I have got a few things to do today;

sie hat \zu gehorchen she has to obey [or do as she is told];

die Rechnung ist bis Freitag \zu bezahlen the bill has to be paid by Friday;

\zum Stehen kommen to come to a halt;

\zum Erliegen kommen to come to rest;

ich habe \zu arbeiten I have some work to do;

ohne es \zu wissen without knowing it;

ich komme, um mich zu verabschieden I have come to say goodbye

2) mit Partizip

\zu bezahlende Rechnungen outstanding bills;

es gibt verschiedene noch \zu kaufende Gegenstände some things still have to be bought;

der \zu Prüfende the candidate to be examined;

nicht \zu unterschätzende Probleme problems [that are] not to be underestimated

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > zu

18 springen;

springt, sprang, ist oder hat gesprungen

I v/i (ist)

1. jump (auch Reitsport, Skisport etc.); weit: leap; hüpfend: hop, skip; Raubtier, beim Fang: pounce; Stabhochsprung: vault; Schwimmsport: dive; Brettspiel: jump; vom Pferd springen jump ( oder leap) off one’s horse; vom fahrenden Zug springen jump off a moving train; zur Seite springen jump out of the way; jemandem an den Hals springen go for s.o. ( oder s.o.’s throat)

2. Ball etc.: bounce; springen von... Knopf: come off...; aus den Gleisen springen jump the rails; die Ampel sprang auf Gelb the traffic lights suddenly changed to amber (Am. yellow)

3. Wasser, Blut: spurt

4. bes. südd. umg. (rennen) run, dash; spring mal geschwind zum Bäcker! could you dash (Brit. auch nip) down to the baker’s (Am. bakery)?

5. (eilfertig zu Diensten sein) jump to one’s feet; andere für sich springen lassen get other people to wait on one ( oder run one’s errands); jemanden für sich springen lassen have s.o. at one’s beck and call; sie braucht nur zu winken, dann springt er schon she only has to bend her little finger and he jumps to attention

6. (für jemanden einspringen) act as stand-in; ich bin gesprungen / musste springen, weil er im Urlaub ist I’m standing in / I had to stand in ( oder take over) because he’s on holiday (Am. vacation)

7. (zerspringen) crack; Saite: break; in tausend Stücke springen be smashed to smithereens; die Tasse ist gesprungen the cup is cracked

8. (Gedankensprünge machen) jump (about oder around); von einem Thema zum anderen springen jump ( oder switch) from one subject to another

9. umg., fig.: springen lassen (Geld) fork out, cough up; etwas springen lassen be generous; etw. für jemanden springen lassen treat s.o. to s.th.

II v/t (hat oder ist) (Weite) jump; einen Rekord springen make a record jump; einen Salto springen do ( oder turn) a somersault; Auge 1, gesprungen, Klinge, Punkt 6, Stück 1

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > springen;

19 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL

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   ■ Remarque, Erich Maria. The Night in Lisbon. New York, 1966.

   ■ Ribeiro, Aquilino. Volfarmio Romance. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1943.

   ■ Rosas, Fernando. Portugal entre a Paz e a Guerra. Lisbon: Estampa, 1990.

   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano, ed. Portugal E A Guerra. Historia das Intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais seculos XIX e XX. Lisbon: Colibri, 1998.

   ■ Telo, Antonio Jose. Propagandal E Guerra Secreta Em Portugal 1939-45. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■. Portugal na Segunda Guerra ( 1941-1945), 2 vols. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■. Os Acores E O Controlo Do Atlantico ( 1898/ 1948). Lisbon: Ed. Asa, 1993.

   ■. A neutralidade portuguesa e o ouro nazi. Lisbon, 2000.

   ■ Vintras, R.E. The Portuguese Connection: The Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman and Turner, 1974. Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Age Old Business of Espionage." 1987 World Book Year Book. Chicago, 1987.

   ■. "'In the Service of Order.' The Portuguese Political Police and the British, Germany and Spanish Intelligence [Services]." Journal of Contemporary History 36: no. 3 (Jan. 1983), 1-25.

   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

   ■ Wylie, Neville. "An Amateur Learns His Job? Special Operations Executive in Portugal, 1940-42." Journal of Contemporary History. 36: no. 3 (2001), 441-57.

   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, Jose. O Comportamento Politico dos Militares, Forcas Armadas e Regimes Politicos em Portugal no seculo XX. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992.

   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

   ■. Pais Sem Rumo. Contributo para a historia de uma Revolucao. Lisbon: Scire, 1978.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

   ■. Coord., Nova Historia Militar de Portugal, 5 vols. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2003-.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978, 1998.

   ■. A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa ( 1926-1933). Mem Martins: Europa- America, 1988.

   ■. "The Military and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1926-1974: "The Honor of the Army." In Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. 191-219. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. "Hidden Fluidity in an Ultra-Stable Party System." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 101-27. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

   ■, ed. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." In Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer, 2000): 1-404.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., ed. Political Parties and Democracy in Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997. Carlucci, Frank. "Confiei no Povo Portugues." Visao (Lisbon), April 10, 1997, 46-47.

   ■. "The View from the U.S. Embassy." In Hans Binnendijk, ed., Authoritarian Regimes in Transition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Service Institute, Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, 1987.

   ■ Coelho, Mário Baptista, ed. Portugal. O Sistema Política a Constitucional, 1974-87. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, UNL, 1989.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antonio. "Settling Accounts with the Past in a Troubled Transition to Democracy: The Portuguese Case." In Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez-Enriquez, and Paloma Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, 65-91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

   ■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.

   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

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   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

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   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

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   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

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   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

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   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

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   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

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   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

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   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

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   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

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   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

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   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

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   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

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   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

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   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

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   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

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   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

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   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

20 Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 25 April 1874 Bologna, Italy

d. 20 July 1937 Rome, Italy

[br]

Italian radio pioneer whose inventiveness and business skills made radio communication a practical proposition.

[br]

Marconi was educated in physics at Leghorn and at Bologna University. An avid experimenter, he worked in his parents' attic and, almost certainly aware of the recent work of Hertz and others, soon improved the performance of coherers and spark-gap transmitters. He also discovered for himself the use of earthing and of elevated metal plates as aerials. In 1895 he succeeded in transmitting telegraphy over a distance of 2 km (1¼ miles), but the Italian Telegraph authority rejected his invention, so in 1896 he moved to England, where he filed the first of many patents. There he gained the support of the Chief Engineer of the Post Office, and by the following year he had achieved communication across the Bristol Channel.

The British Post Office was also slow to take up his work, so in 1897 he formed the Wireless Telegraph \& Signal Company to work independently. In 1898 he sold some equipment to the British Army for use in the Boer War and established the first permanent radio link from the Isle of Wight to the mainland. In 1899 he achieved communication across the English Channel (a distance of more than 31 miles or 50 km), the construction of a wireless station at Spezia, Italy, and the equipping of two US ships to report progress in the America's Cup yacht race, a venture that led to the formation of the American Marconi Company. In 1900 he won a contract from the British Admiralty to sell equipment and to train operators. Realizing that his business would be much more successful if he could offer his customers a complete radio-communication service (known today as a "turnkey" deal), he floated a new company, the Marconi International Marine Communications Company, while the old company became the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.

His greatest achievement occurred on 12 December 1901, when Morse telegraph signals from a transmitter at Poldhu in Cornwall were received at St John's, Newfoundland, a distance of some 2,100 miles (3,400 km), with the use of an aerial flown by a kite. As a result of this, Marconi's business prospered and he became internationally famous, receiving many honours for his endeavours, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. In 1904, radio was first used to provide a daily bulletin at sea, and in 1907 a transatlantic wireless telegraphy service was inaugurated. The rescue of 1,650 passengers from the shipwreck of SS Republic in 1909 was the first of many occasions when wireless was instrumental in saving lives at sea, most notable being those from the Titanic on its maiden voyage in April 1912; more lives would have been saved had there been sufficient lifeboats. Marconi was one of those who subsequently pressed for greater safety at sea. In 1910 he demonstrated the reception of long (8 km or 5 miles) waves from Ireland in Buenos Aires, but after the First World War he began to develop the use of short waves, which were more effectively reflected by the ionosphere. By 1918 the first link between England and Australia had been established, and in 1924 he was awarded a Post Office contract for short-wave communication between England and the various parts of the British Empire.

With his achievements by then recognized by the Italian Government, in 1915 he was appointed Radio-Communications Adviser to the Italian armed forces, and in 1919 he was an Italian delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. From 1921 he lived on his yacht, the Elettra, and although he joined the Fascist Party in 1923, he later had reservations about Mussolini.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Nobel Prize for Physics (jointly with K.F. Braun) 1909. Russian Order of S t Anne. Commander of St Maurice and St Lazarus. Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (i.e. Knight) of Italy 1902. Freedom of Rome 1903. Honorary DSc Oxford. Honorary LLD Glasgow. Chevalier of the Civil Order of Savoy 1905. Royal Society of Arts Albert Medal. Honorary knighthood (GCVO) 1914. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1920. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1924. Created Marquis (Marchese) 1929. Nominated to the Italian Senate 1929. President, Italian Academy 1930. Rector, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1934.

Bibliography

1896, "Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and in apparatus thereof", British patent no. 12,039.

1 June 1898, British patent no. 12,326 (transformer or "jigger" resonant circuit).

1901, British patent no. 7,777 (selective tuning).

1904, British patent no. 763,772 ("four circuit" tuning arrangement).

Further Reading

D.Marconi, 1962, My Father, Marconi.

W.J.Baker, 1970, A History of the Marconi Company, London: Methuen.

KF

Biographical history of technology > Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo

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Sara Josephine Baker — Dr. Sara Josephine Baker Born November 15, 1873 Poughkeepsie, New York … Wikipedia

James Baker (musician) — Infobox musical artist Name = James Baker Img capt = Img size = 150 Landscape = Background = solo singer Birth name = James Baker Alias = Born = 1960(?) flagicon|AUS Perth, Western Australia, Australia Died = Origin = Instrument = Black Pearl SLX … Wikipedia

Norma Jean Baker — Marilyn Monroe Pour les articles homonymes, voir Monroe. Marilyn Monroe … Wikipédia en Français

Brooke Davis Baker — Brooke Penelope Davis Baker Personnage de fiction apparaissant dans Les Frères Scott … Wikipédia en Français

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to train as a baker

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на английский

to train as a baker

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: